Intro to Pharma - Drugs to Memorize

Question 1

Acetaminophen

Answer 1

Class: Antipyretics, Nonopiod Analgesics MOA: Inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins that may serve as mediators of pain and fever, primarily in the CNS. P/P Asses: Assess health, alcohol usage. Prolonged use increased renal effects. Assess pain, Fever. Acetadote is the antidote. Common Name: Tylenol

Question 2

Acetylsalicylic Acid

Answer 2

Class: Antiplatelet Agent, NSAIDs. MOA: Produce analgesia and reduce inflammation and fever by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins. Decreases platelet aggregation P/P Assess: Asthma, allergies, and nasal polyps or allergic to tartrazine risk of hypersensitivity. Pain. Fever. Prolongs bleeding time, monitor hemocrit. Monitor for toxicity (tinnitus, headache, agitation).
Common Name: Aspirin

Question 3

Codein

Answer 3

Class: Opiod agonists MOA: Binds to opiate receptors in CNS. Decreases cough reflex. Decreases GI motility. P/P Assess:BP, Pulse, RR. Assess bowel function. Assess pain before and 1hr after. Equianalgesic Chart if changing route or opiod. Assess cough and lung sounds. Narcan is the antidote.

Question 4

Diltiazem

No special Suffix

Answer 4

Class: Antianginals antihypertensives, antiarrhythmics. Calcium channel blocker. MOA: Inhibits transport of calcium. Systemic vasodilation resulting in decreased blood pressure. Decreased attacks of angina. P/P Assess: Monitor BP, Pulse, ECG. Monitor Intake/output. Signs of CHF.

NOTES:
Decrease Contractility, Dec Conductivity and Dec 02 demands of heart

Question 5

Enalapril

Suffix (PRIL)

Answer 5

Class: ACE Inhiditor (antihpyertensive). MOA: ACE inhibitors block conversion of angiotensin I to the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. Systemic vasodilation P/P Assess: BP, Pulse. Signs of angioedema, Monitor CBC

NOTES:
Ace Inhibitors are vasodilators but DO NOT change HR, CO or Contractility

Question 6

Fentanyl

Answer 6

Class: Opiod agonists MOA: Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS, altering the response to and perception of pain. Produces CNS depression. P/P Assess: Monitor RR and BP frequently. Toxicity and OD: Resp depression, bradycardia, arrhythmias. Tritrage dose to aviod withdrawl.

Question 7

Furosemide

Answer 7

Class: Diuretic MOA: Inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride from the loop of Henle and distal renal tubule. P/P Assess: Assess fluid status. Daily weight, intake-output. BP, P. Monitor electrolytes, renal and hepatic function.

Question 8

Hydromorphone

Answer 8

Class: Opiod Agonists MOA: Binds to opiate receptors in CNS. Alters the perception of and response to painful stimuli. Produces generalized CNS depression. P/P Assess: BP, Pulse, RR. Equianalgesic Chart. Lung Sounds. Naloxone is the antidote.

Question 9

Insulin - Humalog (Rapid Acting)

Answer 9

Class: Antidiabetics, hormones, pancreatics. MOA: Lowers blood glucose by stimulating glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and fat, inhibiting hepatic glucose production. Control of hyperglycemia in diabetic patiens. P/P Assess: Assess for hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. Monitor body weight. Monitor blood glucose every 6 hrs.

NOTES:
Onset- 10-15mins, Peak- 60-90mins, Duration 3-6hrs

Question 10

Insulin - Lantis (Long-acting)

Answer 10

Class: Antidiabetics, hormones, pancreatics. MOA: Lowers blood glucose by stimulating glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and fat, inhibiting hepatic glucose production. Control of hyperglycemia in diabetic patiens. Control of hyperglycemia in diabetic patiens. P/P Assess: Assess for hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. Monitor body weight. Monitor blood glucose every 6 hrs.

NOTES-
Onset-90mins, (No real Peak), Duration 24hrs

Question 11

Morphine

Answer 11

Class: Opiod analgesics, opiod agonists. MOA: Binds to opiate receptors in CNS. Alters perception and response to pain. P/P Assess: Assess pain. Alert LOC, BP, Pulse, RR. If RR

Question 12

Morphine Con’t Release

Answer 12

Class: Opiod analgesics, opioid agonists. MOA: Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS. Decrease in severity of pain. P/P Assess: Asses pain, assess LOC (

Question 13

Naloxone

Answer 13

Class: Antidotes (for opiods), Opiod Antagonists. MOA: Competitevely blocks the effects of opiods in CNS and respiratory depression. Reversal of signs of opiod excess. P/P Assess: Monitor RR, rhythm and depth, ECG, BP, LOC. Asses for level of pain afterwards, S/S of withdrawl from opioids.

Question 14

Propanolol

Suffix (OLOL)

Answer 14

Class: Antianginals, antiarrhythics, antihypertensives; Beta-blockers. MOA: blocks stimulation of beta adrenergic sites. Decreased heart rate and blood pressure. Suppression of arrhythmias. P/P Assess: Monitor BP (Hold if less then 90), Abrut withdrawl may cause arrhythmias (taper over 2 weeks), hypoglycemia, monitor input/output, Monitor for toxicity.

NOTES
Beta Blockkers Dec HR, Force of Contraction and Rate of AV Conduction.

Question 15

Warfarin

Answer 15

Class: Anticoagulants MOA: Interferes with hepatic synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (II, VII, IX, X) P/P Assess: Asses for bleeding, Monitor PT, INR & clotting factoris, monitor for occult blood. Vit K for overdose.

Question 16

Metformin (Biguanides)

Answer 16

Class: Antidiabetic (Pharmacological- Biguanides) MOA: Decreases hepatic glucose production. Increases sensitivity to insulin. P/P Assess. Moniter Blood Glucose, Watch for Ketoacidosis and hypoglycaemia

Question 17

Glyburide (Sulfonylureas)

Answer 17

Class: Antidiabetic MOA: Lower blood glucose by stimulating the release of insulin + increasing sensitivity of insulin receptors. P/P Asses: Monitor blood Glucose, watch for hypoglycaemia

NOTES
Requires some pancreatic fx

Question 18

Atorvastatin (Statins)

AKA Lipitor

Answer 18

Class: Lipid lowering agent (AKA antihyperlipidemics)
MOA: Inhibits enzyme essential for synthesis of cholesterol. Inhibits total and LDL cholesterols.
P/P Assess: Review dietary Fat intake (teaching if necessary), Hepatotoxic (Monitor Liver Fx tests),

Notes:
Indicated in Type 2 DM and Coronary Heart Disease, helps prevent troublesome cardiovascular events.

Question 19

clopidogrel

AKA Plavix

Answer 19

Class: Antiplatelet
MOA: Inhibits platelet aggregation by irreversibly inhibiting the binding of ATP to platelet receptors.
P/P Assess: Monitor for Bleeding (CVA, Bruising, etc), Reduce risk factors for bleed

Question 20

Heparin

Answer 20

Class: Anticoagulant (Pharm- Antithrombotic)
MOA: Inhibits Thrombin formation, prevents the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
P/P- Assess for signs of bleeding. Monitor PTT and Hct and Platelet count.

NOTES
Antidote= protamine sulfate
May cause mild Thrombocytopenia
Normal PTT (23-32) therapeutic 2.5 times?
HIGH ALERT MED!

Question 21

LMWH

AKA Dalteparin (Generic) / Fragmin (Common Trade)

Answer 21

Class: Anticoagulant (Antithrombotic)
MOA Inhibits Thrombin, prevents the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
P/P- Assess for signs of bleeding. Hct and Platelet count.

NOTES
Associated with DVT prevention
No need to monitor PTT

Question 22

Digoxin

Answer 22

Class: Antiarrythmic, Inotropics (+)
MOA: Increases the force of myocardial contraction. Pro- longs refractory period of the AV node. Positive inotropic effect and slowing of the heart rate.
P/P- Monitor HR for 1min prior- hold if HR 60

Question 23

Amiodarone

Answer 23

Class: Antiarrythmic (class lll)
MOA: Prolongs action potential and refractory period. Inhib- its adrenergic stimulation. Slows the sinus rate and prolongs PR and QT intervals
P/P:  Continous monitoring of ECG and Heart Rhythm during IV administration

NOTES:
Indicated for life threatening Ventricular Arrythmias (and Atrial)
HIGH ALERT MEDICATION

Question 24

Nitroglycerin (Nitrates)

Answer 24

Class: Antianginal
MOA: dilation coronary arteries and improving collateral flow to ischemic regions. Produces vasodilation. Reduces myocardial 02 consumption.
P/P- Assess Anginal pain, pre and post B/P and HR