Intro to pharm

Question 1

Chemical Name

Answer 1

Name of the medication that reflects its chemical composition and molecular structure.
(isobutylphenylpropanoic acid)

Question 2

Generic Name

Answer 2

The official or nonproprietary name the United States Adopted Names Council gives a medication. Each Med only has one generic name
(Ibuprofen)

Question 3

Trade Name

Answer 3

The brand or proprietary name the company that manufactures the medication gives it.

Question 4

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 4

(Body to Drug)

Refers to how medications travel through the body.

They undergo a variety of biochemical processes that result in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

Question 5

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 5

(Drug to Body)

Describes the interactions between medications and target cells, body systems, and organs to produce effects.

Agonist, antagonist, partial agonist.

Question 6

Pharmacodynamics:

Agonist

Answer 6

Medications that bind to or mimic the receptor activity that endogenous compounds regulate.

Ex, morphine is an agonist. It activates receptors that produce analgesia, sedation, constipation, and other effects.

Question 7

Pharmacodynamics:

Antagonist

Answer 7

Medications that can block the usual receptor activity that endogenous compounds regulate or the receptor activity of other medications.

Ex. Losartan blocks angiotensin II receptors on blood vessels, prevents vasoconstriction.

Question 8

Pharmacodynamics:

Agonist VS Antagonist

Answer 8

Agonist enhances the effects of a given neurotransmitter.
(stimulate)

Antagonist works against the effects of a given neurotransmitter.
(block)

Question 9

Prevent breakdown of neurotransmitter.

Prefix
Suffix

Answer 9

Anti-

-ase

Question 10

Pharmacodynamics:

Partial agonist

Answer 10

Act as agonist and antagonist, with limited affinity to receptor sites.

Ex. Nalbuphine acts as an antagonist at mu receptor and an agonist at Kappa receptors.

Question 11

Half-life (t1/2)

Answer 11

The time for the medication in the body to drop by 50%.

Question 12

What organs affect half-life

Answer 12

Liver and Kidney

Question 13

~how many half lives to achieve steady state of serum concentration
(med intake=med metabolism and excretion)?

Answer 13

usually 4 Half-lives

Question 14

T/F

Medications with long half-lives remain at therapeutic levels between doses for longer periods.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Pharmacokinetics:

Absorption

Answer 15

Movement of a drug from its site of administration into the bloodstream.

Question 16

bioavailability

Answer 16

Extent of drug absorption

Question 17

Pharmacokinetics:

Distribution

Answer 17

Transport of drug by bloodstream to site of action.

Question 18

Pharmacokinetics:

Metabolism

Answer 18

Bioactive transformation (biotransformation) of drug. Active to inactive. inactive to active.

Changes meds into less active or inactive forms by the action of enzymes.

Question 19

Sites of drug metabolism.

Answer 19

Primarily Liver

Kidneys, Lungs, Intestines, and blood

Question 20

First-pass effect

Answer 20

The liver inactivates some meds on their first pass through the liver.

May require a non-enteral route if they have high first-pass effect.

Question 21

Pharmacokinetics:

Excretion

Answer 21

Elimination of drug from the body.

Question 22

Nursing considerations for anaphylactic reaction

Answer 22

Treat with epinephrine, bronchodilators, and antihistamine. Provide respiratory support and inform the provider.

Question 23

medication-food interaction

Answer 23

Food can alter medication absorption and/or contain substances that react with certain medications.

Question 24

Neonate, infant, and children considerations

Answer 24

Absorption:
Slower gastric emptying, Higher gastric pH, less drug metabolized, large surface area relative to weight.

Metabolism:
Fewer enzymes produced by immature liver, liver maturation occurs by 1 year.

Distribution:
Higher water content, Lower body fat.

Excretion:
Decreased perfusion of kidneys, decreased rate of filtration, decreased tubular resorption.

Question 25

FDA pregnancy risk categories

Answer 25

A: Safest
B: more dangerous than A
C: more dangerous than A and B
D: More dangerous than A, B, C
E: Most dangerous; known to cause fetal harm.

Question 26

Teratogenic drugs

Answer 26

A teratogen is an agent that can disturb the development of the embryo of fetus. Produces a congenital malformation.

Includes radiation, maternal infections, chemicals, and drugs.

Question 27

elderly population considerations

Answer 27

Absorption:
Slower gastric emptying, lower Gastric pH, decrease intestinal absorption, decrease in peristalsis

Distribution:
Decrease in CO, Decrease in tissue perfusion.

Metabolism:
Decreased blood flow to liver, Decrease in enzyme production.

Excretion:
Decreased perfusion of kidneys
Decreased GFR

Question 28

Pharmocogenomics

Answer 28

Study of how certain genetic traits affect drug response.

Question 29

Drug polymorphism

Answer 29

Refers to the effect of a patient’s age, gender, size, body composition, and other characteristics on the pharmacokinetics of a specific drug.

Categorized
Environmental, cultural, and genetic factors.

Question 30

Nursing Assessment

Answer 30

medication hx, document all meds used
allergies
level of education and understanding
specific info to various products.
Assess system function
Assess for condition that are contraindicated
Potential drug-drug, drug-herb reactions
Lifespan considerations

Question 31

Nursing Implementation

Answer 31

Patient education
Info about: safe use, frequency of dosing, dose, how to take, strategies to prevent adverse effects, interactions and toxicity, natural not always safe.

Question 32

Nursing evaluation

Answer 32

Pts need to carefully monitor for therapeutic and adverse reactions.
Therapeutic responses will vary based on supplemental product.