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Pharmacology > Intro to Pharm > Flashcards

Intro to Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacology

A

the study of drugs

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2
Q

Drug

A

A synthetic or naturally occurring substance that alters physiology

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3
Q

4 subdivisions of Pharmacology

A

Pharmacotherapeutics
Toxicology
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics

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4
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

(PK)
The effect of the body on a drug
ADME

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5
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

(PD)
The effect of the drug on a body
Potency and efficacy

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6
Q

FDA drug approval process (steps)

A 
Identify drug need
- development
- animal studies
Investigational new drug approval
Clinical trials
- phase 1
- phase 2
-phase 3
- phase 4
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7
Q

Off-patent

A

less expensive, any company can manufacture the drug

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8
Q

Off-label

A

A drug being used for something not originally approved by the FDA

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9
Q

Class I recall drug

A

Dangerous or defective product that could cause serious health problems or death

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10
Q

Class II recall drug

A

a drug that might cause a temporary health problem

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11
Q

Class III recall drug

A

a product that is unlikely to cause any adverse health reaction but violates FDA labeling or manufacturing laws

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12
Q

Chemical name

A

specific structure of a drug

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13
Q

Generic name

A

nonproprietary name
first letter is lower case
cheaper
inactive ingredients may vary

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14
Q

Brand/Trade name

A

assigned or owned by manufacturer

first letter is capitalized

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15
Q

How many controlled substance schedules are there?

A

Five

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16
Q

Schedule I drugs

A

no proven medical use

illegal

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17
Q

Schedule II drugs

A

proven medical use

high risk of abuse/dependence

18
Q

Schedule III drugs

A

proven medical use

medium risk of abuse/dependence

19
Q

Schedule IV drugs

A

proven medical use

low risk of abuse/dependence

20
Q

Schedule V drugs

A

proven medical use
low risk of abuse
no risk of dependence

21
Q

Pharmacokinetic absorption types

A

Enteral

Parenteral

22
Q

Enteral routes (types)

A

via GI tract
Oral
Sublingual
Rectal

23
Q

Parenteral routes (types)

A 
(no GI tract)
Injection
Inhalation
Topical
Transdermal
Implant
24
Q

3 main pathways the drug gets to the target

A

Passive diffusion through the lipid membrane
Passive diffusion through the aqueous channel
Carrier-mediated (binds to a protein)

25
Q

What impacts drug movement

A 
Lipophilicity
Size of drug molecule
membrane thickness
acidic vs. basic molecules
concentration gradients
26
Q

Barriers to drug delivery

A 
Blood-brain barrier
user error
lipid solubility/degree of ionization
fast/slow gastric emptying
food/drug interactions
27
Q

Bioavailability (definition)

A

the percent of a drug that makes it into systemic circulation

28
Q

Which types of absorption does first-pass effect/metabolism/elimination effect?

A

Enteral - oral

29
Q

Distribution

A

drug distributes to interstitial and intracellular fluids, and extravascular tissue

30
Q

Rate of distribution depends on:

A 
Lipid solubility and degree of drug ionization in different compartments
organ blood flow
molecular weight
local metabolism 
binding to plasma proteins
31
Q

Volume distribution (Vd)

A

total concentration of the drug in the body/plasma concentration

32
Q

Metabolism (definition)

A

how a drug is inactivated and prepared for elimination

33
Q

Metabolism parts

A

Phase 1: catabolic process

Phase 2: conjugation reaction

34
Q

Elimination types

A 
Urine via kidneys
Fecal via liver
Breath
tears
breast milk
saliva
sweat
35
Q

First Order elimination is…

A

proportional to concentration

36
Q

Zero Order elimination is….

A

constant and independent of concentration

37
Q

How many half lives does it take for the drug to be considered cleared from the body?

A

5

38
Q

Half-life

A

how long it takes to eliminate 50% of a drug

39
Q

Steady state

A

when the amount of drug excreted in a specified period is equal to the amount of drug administered
often time to reach therapeutic effect

40
Q

ADME

A

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Elimination

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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