Antibiotics and Cancer

Question 1

Define antimicrobial drug

Answer 1

a drug that is active against bacteria, virus, fungi, or parasite

Question 2

Define antibiotic drug

Answer 2

a drug that is only actively against bacteria

Question 3

T/F: are all antimicrobials also antibiotics?

Answer 3

False

all AB = AM but not all AM = AB

Question 4

What is the main characteristic of Gram-positive bacteria

Answer 4

a thick cell wall

Question 5

What are the 2 main characteristics of Gram-negative bacteria

Answer 5

Outer membrane

thin cell wall

Question 6

Define bacteriostatic antibiotics

Answer 6

drugs that prevent multiplication and continued growth of bacteria
- require host immune system

Question 7

Define Bactericidal antibiotics

Answer 7

drugs that actively kill bacteria

Question 8

Define bactericidal concentration-dependant

Answer 8

drug is given at a high dose so the effects are maintained for a longer period of time

Question 9

Define bactericidal time-dependent

Answer 9

must maintain the correct level of drug long enough to kill the bacteria

Question 10

what is a broad spectrum drug?

Answer 10

works for many types of organism

used for when we don’t know what the infection is

Question 11

what is a narrow spectrum drug?

Answer 11

targets a specific infection the patient is known to have

Question 12

what 3 factors must be taken into consideration when selecting treatment of drugs

Answer 12

identity/susceptibility of bacteria
host specific factors - allergies, renal function
Drug specific factors - DDI, route

Question 13

What class of antibiotic ends with -cillin

Answer 13

Penicillins

Question 14

What class of antibiotic begins with Cef- or Ceph-

Answer 14

Cephalosporins

Question 15

What class of antibiotic ends with -penem

Answer 15

Carbapenems

Question 16

What class of antibiotic ends with -vancin

Answer 16

Glycopeptides

Question 17

What class of antibiotic ends with -mycin or -micin

Answer 17

Aminoglycosides AND macrolides

Question 18

What class of antibiotic ends with -cyclin

Answer 18

Tetracyclines

Question 19

What class of antibiotic ends with -floxacin

Answer 19

Fluoroquinolines

Question 20

What class of antibiotic ends with -idazole

Answer 20

Nitroimidazole

Question 21

What class of antibiotic begins with Sulfa-

Answer 21

Antifolates

Question 22

What drug class is tigecyclin NOT in

Answer 22

tetracyclines

Question 23

What is the general MOA of antibiotics

Answer 23

inhibition of the cell wall, cell membrane, protein synthesis, DNA synthesis, or DNA strand

Question 24

What are the general AEs of antibiotics

Answer 24

GI, hypersensitivity, hypotension, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, DDI, photosensitivity, arthralgia, myalgia, thrombocytopenia, allergy

Question 25

What is a big AE of Clindamycin?

Answer 25

It can cause C. diff

Question 26

What is a big AE of Linzolid?

Answer 26

Serotonin syndrome

Question 27

What is a big AE of the drug class Fluoroquinolones?

Answer 27

tendon rupture | significant hypoglycemia

Question 28

What is a big AE of the drug class Sulfonamide?

Answer 28

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Question 29

What are the two types of antimicrobial resistance?

Answer 29

Innate | Acquired

Question 30

What are the 4 types of MOA in acquired antibacterial resistance?

Answer 30

- inactivate drug - modify drug target in bacteria - actively export drug from the bacteria - bypass antibiotic inhibition

Question 31

What are the 3 main ways to prevent antibacterial resistance?

Answer 31

- discourage antibiotic overuse - encourage patients to finish full course of antibiotics - follow infection prevention and control protocols