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Nursing 3: Test 3 > Intro to Perfusion > Flashcards

Intro to Perfusion Flashcards

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0
Q

Cardiac Cycle

-Systole

A
  1. Ventricular contraction and atrial filling (Systole)
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1
Q

Cardiac Cycle

-Diastole

A
  1. Atrial Contraction causes ventricular filling (Diastole)

2. Relaxation of ventricle (Diastole)

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2
Q

Stroke Volume

A
  1. Amount of blood ejected per beat
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3
Q

Cardiac Output

A
  1. Amount of blood ejected per minute
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4
Q

Ejection Fraction

A
  1. Percentage of blood ejected in systole
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5
Q

Cardiac Index

A
  1. CO / Bod Surface Area
  2. More specific indicator of circulation ** Best indication of perfusion **
  3. Takes height & Weight into consideration
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6
Q

Cardiac Output

-Influenced by

A
  1. Activity level & metabolic rate
  2. Physiologic & Psychologic stress
  3. Age
  4. Body size
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7
Q

Cardiac Output

-Involves interaction of

A
  1. HR
  2. Preload & After-load
  3. Contractility
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8
Q

Cardiac Reserve

A
  1. Ability to respond to body’s changing needs
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9
Q

Base of the Heart

-Location?

A
  1. The base of the heart it the top

- 2nd intercostal space

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10
Q

Apex of the Heart

-Location

A
  1. Bottom - 5th intercostal space, midclavicular line
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11
Q

Coronary Circulation

-Aorta: Filling of Coronary Arteries?

A
  1. Coronary arteries fill during DIASTOLE
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12
Q

Coronary Circulation

-Right Coronary Artery

A
  1. Feeds inferior and posterior portions of heart (R side of heart)
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13
Q

Coronary Circulation

-Left Main Coronary Artery

A
  1. Left anterior descending
    - Feeds anterior and septal portion (Left ventricle)
  2. Left Circumflex
    - Feeds lateral and posterior
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14
Q

Preload

A
  1. Volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole

2. Influenced by venous return and compliance of ventricles

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15
Q

Preload

-Starling’s Law

A
  1. The greater the volume, the greater the force, the greater the fibers contract to accomplish emptying
16
Q

Drugs that Increase Preload

A
  1. Vasopressors

2. Fluid

17
Q

Drugs that decrease Preload

A
  1. Vasodilators

2. Diuretics

18
Q

After-load

A
  1. The amount of force needed to eject blood from the ventricles (open the semilunar valves)
19
Q

After-load

-Right Ventricle

A
  1. Must overcome Pulmonary Vascular resistance
20
Q

After-Load

-Left Ventricle

A
  1. Must overcome Systemic Vascular Resistance
21
Q

Cardiac Output

-Visual Clues of Low Output?

A
  1. Decreased:
    - BP
    - LOC
    - UOP
    - Bowel sounds
22
Q

Cardiac Output

-Visual Clues of High output?

A
  1. Septic - fever
    - High HR
    - High or low BP
23
Q

Heart Sounds

-S1

A
  1. Lub
  2. Onset of ventricular contraction (SYSTOLE)
  3. CLosure of AV valves
24
Q

Heart Sounds

-S2

A
  1. Dub
  2. Onset of ventricular relaxation (DIASTOLE)
  3. Closure of semilunar valves
25
Q

Apical Impulse

A
  1. Visible pulsation at the point of maximal impulse (PMI)

2. Seen in half of adults

26
Q

Point of Maximal Impulse (PMI)

-Where is it Palpated?

A
  1. Normally palpated at the:
    - 5th intercostal space
    - midclavicular line
27
Q

PMI

-Displaced Laterally?

A
  1. If the PMI is displaced laterally it indicates an ENLARGED HEART
28
Q

Extra Heart Sounds

-S3 (Ventricular Gallop)

A
  1. Immediately after S2
  2. Myocardial failure
    - CHF, Mitral Regurgitation, Tricuspid Regurgitation
29
Q

Extra Heart Sounds

-S4 (Atrial Gallop)

A
  1. Immediately before S1
  2. Resistance to ventricular filling
    - HTN, CAD, Aortic stenosis
30
Q

Extra Heart Sounds

-Summation Gallop

A
  1. Combination S3 & S4

- Severe CHF

31
Q

Diagnostics

-Serum Cholesterol/Triglycerides/Lipids

A
  1. Normal Total Cholesterol <110
  2. If Pt has high cholesterol:
    - Assess current diet
    - Reduce animal products
32
Q

Extra Heart Sounds

-Pericardial Friction Rub

A
  1. Pericarditis
33
Q

Calculating Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) TEST

A
  1. SBP + 2(DBP) / 3 = MAP

Nursing 3: Test 3 (5 decks)

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