Intro to Pathology & Key Definitions Flashcards
What is meant by epidemiology?
WHO gets a disease?
What is meant by aetiology?
HOW/WHY does someone get a disease?
can we stop it?
What is meant by pathogenesis?
the development of a disease and the chain of events leading to that disease
What is meant by anatomical/biochemical/functional changes?
WHAT does the disease do?
Taking a history and physical examination are used here
What is meant by natural history?
the course a disease takes from from initial onset until recovery or death
What is meant by prognosis?
After intervention, assessing how the disease/procedure will affect the patient in the future
What is the definition of pathology?
Pathology is the scientific study of disease
What is the definition of disease?
An abnormality of the body that causes loss of normal health
What type of cell shows a sign of acute inflammation?
Lots of neutrophils will be present
What is the definition of neoplasia?
the presence or formation of new, abnormal growths of tissue
What does the ana- prefix mean?
absence of
What is the difference between anaplasia and dysplasia?
Anaplasia - does not resemble normal cells
Dysplasia - cells are disordered
What does the dys- prefix mean?
disordered
What does the hyper- prefix mean?
excess over normal
What does the hypo- prefix mean?
deficiency below normal
What does the meta- prefix mean?
change from one state to another
What does metaplasia mean?
an abnormal change in the nature of the tissue
What does the -itis suffix mean?
an inflammatory process
What does the -oma suffix mean?
tumour
it might not be malignant
What does the -osis suffix mean?
state or condition
What does -oid suffix mean?
bearing a resemblance to
What does the -penia suffix mean?
lack of
What does the -cytosis suffix mean?
increased number of cells
What does the -ectasis suffix mean?
dilation
What does the -plasia suffix mean?
disorder of growth
What does the -opathy suffix mean?
abnormal state lacking specific characteristics
What does hypertrophy mean?
the number of cells is not increasing, but the cells are increasing in size
What does hyperplasia mean?
there is an increase in the number of cells, but they do not change in size
What is the difference between a thrombus and an embolus?
thrombus is a blood clot
embolus is when the blood clot moves from the site of origin to another site
What is meant by a ‘differentiation grade’?
the measure of the cell appearance in tumours and other neoplasms
What is meant by ‘stage’ of cancer?
the progression of the disease and whether it has moved to other sites
