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Pathology - COMP III > Intro To Patho > Flashcards

Intro To Patho Flashcards

1
Q

Objective findings, as perceived by examiner

A

Signs

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2
Q

Functional manifestation of the disease

A

Symptom

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3
Q

Visible changes produced by the disease in the tissue or organ

A

Lesion

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4
Q

Sudden worsening of the signs and symptoms during the course of a disease

A

Exacerbation

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5
Q

Disease becomes less intense, but not cured

A

Remission

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6
Q

Remote after effects of a disease

A

Sequelae

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7
Q

Causes of disease: genetic, acquired, multi factorial, etc

A

Etiology

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8
Q

Mechanisms of disease development - cellular, biochemical, and molecular events following exposure of cells/tissues to an injurious agent

A

PAthogenesis

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9
Q

Structural alterations induced in the cells and organs: gross and microscopic

A

Morphological changes

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10
Q

Functional consequences of the morphological changes

A

Clinical significance

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11
Q

Sudden onset, or in a rapid course

A

Acute

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12
Q

Slow onset & long duration or having a long course

A

Chronic

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13
Q

Acute, fatal disease

A

Fulminating

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14
Q

Disease with unknown cause

A

Idiopathic

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15
Q

Caused by physician or medication

A

Iatrogenic

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16
Q

Occurs during the course of another disease

A

Inter current

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17
Q

Diseases caused by drugs which cross the placenta and the fetus

A

Teratogenic

18
Q

PAthology concerned with basic Rxn of cells and tissues to abnormal stimuli that underlie

A

General pathology

19
Q

PAthology that describes specific responses of specialized organs and tissues to defined stimuli

A

Systemic pathology

20
Q

Well-circumscribed meaning

A

Restricted to one area

Defined boundaries

21
Q

Poorly circumscribed description

A

Not-restricted to area

Spread out

22
Q

Necrosis in a curved, snakelike formation

A

Serpentigious necrosis

23
Q

If a microscope slide shows cells with a high nucleus:cytoplasm ratio, how would you describe the cells?

A. Proliferating
B. Necrotic
C. Apoptotic
D. Lymphocytes

A

A. Proliferating

24
Q

A Pap smear is considered what type of study?

A

Cytology - study of cells

25
Q

What type of microscopy is typically used for formalin fixed/H&E stained specimen?

A. TEM
B. Dark field microscopy
C. Light microscopy
D. Confocal microscopy

A

C. Light microscopy

26
Q

What is the Periodic acid shift stain used to stain? (Hint: can give insight into kidney filtration)

A. Nuclei
B. Basement membrane
C. Astrocytes
D. Cytoplasm

A

B. Basement membrane

27
Q

What stain is used to visualize the brain? Typically used to ID neurofibrillary tangles and sensible plaques in Alzheimer’s disease?

A. PAS stain
B. H&E stain
C. Actin stain
D. Silver stain

A

D. Silver stain

28
Q

Cytoskeleton location analysis is used to visualize:

A. Cytoplasm
B. Nuclei
C. Cell membrane
D. ER

A

C. Cell membrane

29
Q

Immunohistochemistry involves:

A

At-Ab specific Rxn

30
Q

What stain can be used to ensure that a sample is smooth muscle?

A

Actin stain

Smooth muscle is Actin (+)

31
Q

What type of test allows quantitative and qualitative analysis; measures particle’s/cell’s size, granularity, internal complexity, relative fluorescent intensity; and can help with the classification of WBCs by determining CD expression? It also involves fluorescent markers, laser beam, and then converts fluorescent lie emitted and converts light to a digital signal.

A

Flow cytometry

32
Q

3D images of living cell using laser beam focused on small areas of cell at a time all over cell

A

Confocal microscopy

33
Q

What is used to determine diameter, circumferences, area, volume, and morphology of nuclei?

A

Image analysis

34
Q

What technique is used to amplify DNA and so that it can then by analyzed using electrophoresis?

A

PCR

35
Q

Technique used that utilizes “micro-reactors” that can sense specific analyze such as protein, enzyme, or Ab. Can perform thousands of biological rxns in seconds.

A. Biochip technique
B. PCR
C. DNA sequencing
D. Electrophoresis

A

A. Biochip

36
Q

Deterring disease by examining cells and tissues from the body?

A

Pathological diagnosis

37
Q

IDing diseases from patient’s history and physical examination

A

Clinical diagnosis

38
Q

IDing diseases by images of the body

A

Radiologic diagnosis

39
Q

VINDICATE acronym

A 
Vascular
Infectious, inflammatory
Neoplastic
Degenerative
Idiopathic, Intoxication, Iatrogenic
Congenital, genetic
Autoimmune, allergies
Trauma, toxins
Endocrine
40
Q

Etiological factors that include:

Physical agents - radiation, trauma, thermal
Chemical - chemicals, toxins, poison
Nutritional defic
Nutritional excess
Infections
Abnormal immunological manifestations
Psych factors
A

Environmental factors

41
Q

Factors of etiology that include:

Abnormal genes
Mutations

A

Genetic factors

42
Q

Predisposing factors of disease that include:

Age
Sex
Environment
Race
Climate
Habits
Socioeconomic
A

Indirect factors

Pathology - COMP III (2 decks)

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