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PARASITOLOGY LECTURE > INTRO TO PARASITOLOGY > Flashcards

INTRO TO PARASITOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

It concerns primarily the animal parasites of humans
and their medical significance?

A

Medical or Clinical Parasitology

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2
Q

Parasitology deals with the

A

Phenomenon of dependence of oneliving organism to another.

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3
Q

True or False:
Parasites are said to be zoonotic

A

True, means they exist in animals.

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4
Q

It is an infectious disease that is transmitted between species from animals to humans

A

Zoonosis

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5
Q

An organism that depends on the host for shelter and
food.

A

Parasites

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6
Q

An organism that supports or harbors parasites.

A

Host

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7
Q

Responsible for transmitting the organism from one
place to another

A

Vector

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8
Q

The number of cases of infection in a population in
any given time.

A

Incidence

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9
Q

Living together also known as

A

Symbiosis

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10
Q

3 forms of symbiotic relationship

A

■ Commensalism
■ Mutualism
■ Parasitism

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11
Q

Association of two different species of organisms that
is beneficial to one and neutral to the other.

A

Commensalism

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12
Q

What form of symbiotic relationship is Entamoeba Coli?

A

Commensalism

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13
Q

Association of two different species of organisms that
is beneficial to both.

A

Mutualism

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14
Q

What form of symbiotic relationship is Shark and remora fish & Corals and fishes?

A

Mutualism

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15
Q

Association of two different species of organisms that
is beneficial to one at the other’s expense

A

Parasitism

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16
Q

4 Types of Parasites

A
  1. Obligate Parasite
  2. Facultative Parasite
  3. Incidental or Accidental Parasite
  4. Spurious Parasite
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17
Q

Depends on the host for their existence.

A

Obligate Parasite

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18
Q

Exists in a free-living state or may become parasitic
when the need arises.

A

Facultative Parasite

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19
Q

Example:
■ Acanthamoeba and Naegleria species

What type of Parasite?

A

Facultative Parasite

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20
Q

also known as the brain-eating amoeba.

A

Naegleria fowleri

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21
Q

Attacks on unusual hosts.

A

Incidental or Accidental Parasite

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22
Q

Examples:
■ Ascaris Lumbricoides (Giant Intestinal
Roundworm)

What type of Parasite?

A

Incidental or Accidental Parasite

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23
Q

Example:
■ Filarial Worms

What type of Parasite?

A

Obligate Parasite

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24
Q

Free living organisms in nature that are parasitic to
others but not in humans

A

Spurious Parasite

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25
Q

TYPES OF HOST

A

Intermediate Host
Definitive Host
Reservoir Host
Accidental or Incidental Host
Transport Host
Carrier

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26
Q

Host in which the larval asexual phase of parasite
development occurs.
○ Where the asexual phase happens.

A

Intermediate Host

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27
Q

Host in which the adult sexual phase of parasite
development occurs.

A

Definitive Host

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28
Q

Host harboring parasites that are parasitic for humans
and from which humans may become infected
(animal).

A

Reservoir Host

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29
Q

Host other than the normal one that is harboring a
parasite.

A

Accidental or Incidental Host

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30
Q

Host responsible for transferring a parasite from one
location to another.

A

Transport Host

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31
Q

Parasite-harboring host that is not exhibiting any
clinical symptoms but can infect others.

A

Carrier

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32
Q
A
33
Q

Parasite that is only seen on the surface of the
organism.

A

Mechanical (Phoretic Vector)

34
Q

Parasite that is seen inside the body of the organism
or parasite needs this organism for its development.

A

Biological Vector

35
Q

What type of transport host?

Examples:
■ Sandfly
■ Mosquito
■ Kissing bug

A

Biological Vector

36
Q

What type of transport host?

Examples:
■ Fly
■ Cockroach

A

Mechanical vector

37
Q

TYPES OF PARASITE
(ACCORDING TO THE HABITAT)
-Parasite that is established in or on the exterior surface of a host.

A

Ectoparasite

38
Q

Parasite that is established inside of a host

A

Endoparasite

39
Q

Lives in organic substances in a state of
decomposition.
○ Lives on dead or decaying organic matter.

A

Saprophytes

40
Q

TYPES OF PARASITE
(ACCORDING TO THE HABITAT)

Example: Head Lice

A

Ectoparasite

41
Q

The act or process of Inoculation

A

Exposure

42
Q

Animal parasites which are harmful causing local and systemic damage.

A

Pathogen

43
Q

Period between infection of evidence of symptoms

A

Incubation Period

44
Q

Two types of Incubation Period

A

Prepatent period and Clinical Incubation period

45
Q

From the time the organism enters the body up to the point that you can recover it from human excreta, urine, or other bodily fluids.

A

Prepatent Period

46
Q

From the time the organism enters the body up to the time that the human already is manifesting symptoms.

A

Clinical Incubation Period

47
Q

Types of Infection
-Infected person is their own direct source of re-exposure.
-reinfected with
some organism coming from them.

A

Autoinfection

48
Q

Examples of Autoinfection

A

■ Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm)
■ Taenia Species (Tapeworms)

49
Q

When an individual harboring parasite is re-infected with the same species of parasite

A

Superinfection

50
Q

Example of superinfection

A

Person A has Amoeba histolytica (she is
diagnosed with Amoebiasis)

51
Q

Acquired at the same time, Infection.

A

Coinfection

52
Q

Enters the body where the parasite prefers to enter

A

Portal of Entry

53
Q

Portal of exit in

A

Anus and mouth

54
Q

Life Cycle of the Organisms

A

Simple– ideally in the free-living organisms
Complex-trematodes needs two intermediate hosts

55
Q

Mode of Transmission

A

■ Inhalation
■ Ingestion
■ Skin Penetration

56
Q

■ One definitive host

A

Monoxenous

57
Q

■ Two or more definitive hosts

A

Heteroxenous

58
Q

The process by which an infection leads to disease

A

Pathogenesis

59
Q

PATHOGENESIS OF PARASITIC INFECTION

A
  1. Trauma or Physical Damage
  2. Lytic (liquefaction) Necrosis
  3. Stimulation of host’s tissue reaction (cellular or
    immunologic)
  4. Toxic and/or allergic response
60
Q

TREATMENT
PARASITE GROUP
-Protozoan

A

Drugs-Metronidazole

61
Q

PARASITE GROUP
-Nematode

A

Drugs-Mebendazole

62
Q

PARASITE GROUP
-Platyhelminthes:

A

Drug-Praziquantel

63
Q

○ Unicellular organisms
○ Organelles
○ Under the kingdom of Protista.
○ All of these organisms have an infective stage but not
all of them are capable of pathogenicity, the disease.

A

Protozoa

64
Q

○ Multicellular organisms
○ Organ System
○ Under the kingdom of Animalia.

A

● Metazoa

65
Q

The subkingdom Protozoa has three phyla (singular: phylum):

A
  1. Sarcomastigophora
    2.Apicomplexa
    3.Ciliophora
66
Q

Sarcomastigophora
■ Divided into two subphylum:
-Provided with pseudopodia (a finger-like structure that is being used as an organ of locomotion)

A

➢ Sarcodina

67
Q

Sarcomastigophora
■ Divided into two subphylum
-Usually flagellates are provided with
flagella (a leaf-like structure) as a mode
of locomotion.

A

➢ Mastigophora

68
Q

■ These are the Malaria.
■ No organs of locomotion because these are cells.

A

Apicomplexa

69
Q

Balantidium coli is the only organism under the protozoa na may cilia

A

Ciliophora

70
Q

○ Is the dormant or non-motile form.
○ Responsible for transfer of infection.
○ More resistant.
○ Can be found in semi or formed stools pero pwede rin
watery.
○ Can only be found in the intestine

A

● Cyst

71
Q

○ Motile stage
○ Has an organ of locomotion
○ Responsible for pathogenesis.
○ Can be easily destroyed.

A

● Trophozoite

72
Q

○ Formation of the trophozoite from cyst.
○ The conversion of trophozoites to cysts, a process
known as encystation.
○ Occurs in the intestine when the environment
becomes unacceptable for continued trophozoite
multiplication.

A

● Encystation

73
Q

○ Formation of the cyst from the trophozoite

A

Excystation

74
Q

Common between Encystation and Excystation is the

A

pH

75
Q

STRUCTURES INSIDE THE PROTOZOA
○ Usually can be found in Entamoeba species.
○ Centrically located karyosome (similar to nucleolus).
○ Scanty cytoplasm
○ Chromatid granules which surround the cyst wall.

A

Vesicular Nucleus

76
Q

○ Can be found in Balantidium species.
○ Usually bean-like shaped.
○ Compact and no cytoplasm can be found
○ When stained, the color is bluish or almost black.
○ Cyst wall comes from the ectoplasm and adjacent to
that is endoplasm.

A

Compact Nucleus

77
Q

The subkingdom Metazoa has two phyla:

A

-Nematodes
-Platyhelminthes

78
Q

Platyhelminthes
Divided into 2 classes

A

➢ Cestodes (tapeworms)
★ Can grow as long as 10 meters.
➢ Trematodes (flukes/flatworms)

PARASITOLOGY LECTURE (4 decks)

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