Free-living Amoeba Flashcards

1
Q

These parasites, classified under free-living amoeba, can cause disease
among humans thus, more appropriately called opportunists.

A

Naegleria fowleri
Acanthamoeba culbertsoni
Acanthamoeba castellani
Acanthamoeba astronyxis
Acanthamoeba polyphaga

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2
Q

Opportunist amoeba may be classified under 2 genera,

A

(1) Naegleria
(2) Acanthamoeba

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3
Q

Species of genus Naegleria are classified as

A

ameboflagellate

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4
Q

True or False:

A

Acanthamoeba species do not have flagellate forms.

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5
Q

In general, Naegleria fowleri causes primary

A

amoebic meningoencephalitis
(PAM)

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6
Q

Also known as the brain-eating amoeba. It the causative parasite of a rare and fatal infection of the brain called primary amoebic meningoencephalitis .

A

Naegleria fowleri

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7
Q

People usually get infected when contaminated water enters the body
through the

A

nose

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8
Q

This stage has amoeboid and flagellate forms, colonizes water and moist soil, and is the only stage demonstrated in the tissues of man.

A

trophozoite

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9
Q

The second stage is the ______________ which
is the non-motile resistant form.

A

cyst

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10
Q

has an elongated anterior and distinctly tapered posterior end forming a single clear pseudopod at the forward end and a knoblike structure called uroid process.

A

Amoeboid form

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11
Q

Trophozoite
It measures 7 X 20 μm
when active and 10-5 μm (diameter) when rounded.

A

Amoeboid form

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12
Q

Trophozoite
pear-shaped with two flagella at the broader end. It may move forward rapidly or spin.

A

Flagellate form

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13
Q

stage that forms in agar culture media and the one found in nature. It is spherical with a single nucleus, measuring 7-10 μm in diameter, with a smooth, heavy, and thick cyst wall.

A

cyst

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14
Q

(PAM) is acquired through instillation of trophozoite into

A

The nose when the person swims
in infected bodies of water.

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15
Q

The trophozoites can go into the brain via

A

Olfactory nerve epithelium

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16
Q

Meningeal irritation leads to

A

Neck stiffness or generalized
seizure or convulsion.

17
Q

The recommended treatment for Naegleria infection is

A

Combination of Amphotericin B and Miltefosine.

18
Q

an antifungal drug that is usually given intravenously or into the space around the spinal cord.

A

Amphotericin B

19
Q

An investigational drug used in breast cancer and leishmaniasis. It shows effective in killing Naegleria amoeba in vitro and animal studies.

A

Miltefosine

20
Q

The organism may be recovered from the CSF obtained through _____ puncture

A

Lumbar puncture wound

21
Q

staining methods preffered in Naegleria infection

A

Iron-Hematoxylin or Wright’s staining methods
-Immuno fluorescence and/or immunoperoxidase methods may also be used

22
Q

can be found in the soil, fresh, brackish and sea water, and dust in air. They are also obtained from Jacuzzis, air-conditioning and
ventilating units, dialysis machines, and even contact lens.

A

Acanthamoeba species

23
Q

Is the active stage in Acanthamoeba

A

The trophozoite

24
Q

Species of Acanthamoeba produce

A

granulomatous amoebic
meningoencephalitis (GAE)

25
Q

The resistant stage in Acanthamoeba

A

the cyst

26
Q

Known portals of entry with Acanthamoeba

A

ulcerated or broken skin, the eyes, genitourinary tract, and probably the lungs.

27
Q

were found in cases of eye infections only

A

A. polyphaga and A. hatchetti

28
Q

Most cases of GAE with eye infection were due to

A

A. castellani.

29
Q

Treatment for Acanthanmoeba

A

Anti-infective drugs are used in the early stages, and surgical procedure are done for
later stages to remove infected tissues.

30
Q

Acanthamoeba eye infections are effectively
treated with

A

topical miconazole, metronidazole, and neomycin. Oral ketoconazole can also be given.

31
Q

Laboratory diagnosis is through identification of trophozoites in the CSF
through

A

hanging-drop preparation or recovery of cysts and trophozoites in brain
tissues.

32
Q

Differentiation in Acanthamoeba is easier with the use of

A

immunoperoxidase and
immunofluorescent staining procedures.