Intro to Organics (Organics) (complete)

Question 1

Give the functional group and prefix/suffix of:

• Alkenes
• Alcohols
• Haloalkanes
• Aldehydes
• Ketones
• Carboxylic acids
• Nitriles
• Amines

Answer 1

• C=C ; suffix -ene
• C-OH ; suffix -ol ; prefix hydroxy-
• C-halogen ; suffix Fluoro- Chloro- Iodo- Bromo-
  H
  |
• H—C=O ; suffix -al
  |
  H
  H
  |
• H—C=O ; suffix -one ; prefix oxo-
  |
  C
• COOH ; suffix -oic acid
• C(triple bond)N ; suffix -nitrile
• C-NH2 ; suffix -amine ; prefix amino-

Question 2

Of which functional groups must the carbon they are found on be carbon-1?

Answer 2

• aldehydes
• carboxylic acids
• nitriles

Question 3

How do you name an ester?

Answer 3

1 - Name the carbon chain joined to the - O - bond (…) ( — C (=O) — O — C …)
2 - Name the chain joined to the C = O bond (…) (… C (=O) — O — )

Question 4

Define Structural isomerism.
Name and Describe the three types of structural isomerism.

Answer 4

Structural Isomerism - Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas.
- Chain isomers - The carbon chain is different.
- Position isomers - The position of the functional group(s) present can be in different places.
- Functional group isomers - The functional group can be different. (Compatibility - aldehydes and ketones, carboxylic acids and esters, alkenes and cycloalkanes, alcohols and ethers.)