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Chem > Intro To Organics > Flashcards

Intro To Organics Flashcards

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1
Q

Aldehydes

A

CHO

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2
Q

Ketones

A

COC

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3
Q

Functional group

A

Molecules with a particular atom or grouping of atoms within a class of compounds

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4
Q

Two types of isomers

A

Structural

Stereoisomerism

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5
Q

Structural isomers

A

Different structural formulae from each other

Three types are chain, positional and functional group

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6
Q

Chain isomerism

A

Same number of carbon atoms but carbon backbones are different

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7
Q

Positional isomerism

A

Position of functional group varies

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8
Q

Functional group isomerism

A

Different functional group

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9
Q

Stereoisomerism

A

Compounds have the same atoms bonded to each other but with different arrangements in space
Two types are geometrical and optical

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10
Q

Geometrical isomerism

A

Also known as cis-trans
Occurs with alkenes that don’t have two identical groups on either side of the double bond
Groups on same side are cis (z)
Groups on opposite sides are trans (e)

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11
Q

Optical isomerism

A

Chiral centre

Non-superimposable mirror images

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12
Q

Homolytic and heterolytic fission are

A

The two ways that covalent bonds can break

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13
Q

Homolytic fission

A

Both the atoms at each end of the bond leave with one electron from the pair that formed the covalent bond
Produces free radicals

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14
Q

Heterolytic fission

A

The more electronegative atom takes both the electrons in the covalent bond

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15
Q

Curly arrows

A

Used to show movement of electrons from bond to delta positive atom

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16
Q

Free radical

A

Atom or group of atoms that has an unpaired electron
Highly reactive
Formed in initiation step of free radical substitution reactions

17
Q

Electrophile

A

Atom or group of atoms that reacts with electron rich areas such as C=C bonds
Delta positive/positive charge
Acceptor of electrons

18
Q

Nucleophile

A

Atom or group of atoms that reacts with electron deficit areas such as the delta positive carbon in C-Br
Attracted to delta positive areas
All have a lone pair which they use to form new bonds
Delta negative or negative charge
Donator of a pair of electronics

19
Q

Addition reactions

A

Formation of a single product from two reactant molecules

20
Q

Substitution reactions

A

Replacement of one atom by another

21
Q

Elimination reactions

A

Removal of a small molecule from a larger one

22
Q

Oxidation

A

Addition of oxygen and/or removal of hydrogen (to a molecule)

23
Q

Reduction

A

Removal of oxygen and/or addition of hydrogen (from a molecule)

Chem (15 decks)

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