intro to organics Flashcards
what is the definition of a molecular formula?
a formula showing the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule
state the definition of displayed formula
formula of a compound drawn out so that each atom and each bond is shown
state the definition of a structural formula
way of writing formula when bonds are not shown but each carbon atom is written separately with the other atoms attached
state the definition of skeletal formula
the formula which carbon to carbon are represented by lines and carbon atoms are where lines meet
what is a structural isomer?
molecules with the same molecular formula but with different structural formula
name the 3 structural isomers
positional, functional group, chain
what is a positional isomer ?
when the functional group is attached to the main chain but at different points but the molecular formula stays the same
what is a functional group isomer?
when there are different functional groups but still has the same molecular formula
what is chain isomerism?
when the hydrocarbon chain is arranged differently but the molecular formula stays the same
what is stereoisomerism?
when 2 or more molecules have same structural formula but bond arrangements in space differ
what is E isomerism ?
when the groups with higher atomic masses are attached to the central carbons that are doubly bonded are on opposite sides (vertically)
what is Z isomerism ?
when the groups with higher atomic masses are attached to the central carbons that are doubly bonded are on the same side (vertically)
what is a homologous series ?
is a family of organic compounds with the same functional group but different carbon chain length
how are different halogens ordered when naming a compound ?
regardless of position on chain, alphabetical order is required
does the alkyl group or halogen take priority next to the carbon chain ?
alkyl
