Intro to organic chemistry Flashcards
what is a hydrocarbon
a compound containing only hydrogen and carbon
what is saturated
only has single carbon carbon bonds
what is unsaturated
contains double carbon carbon bonds
what is the molecular formula
shows the number of each type of atom
what is the empirical formula
shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
structural formula
shows in minimal detail the arrangement of all the atoms
functional group of an alcohol
C-OH bond
functional group of halogenoalkanes
C-HALOGEN
functional group of aldehydes
O=C-H
functional group of ketones
C=O
functional group of carboxylic acids
O=C-OH
functional group of esters
O=C-O-
suffix -yl-oate
order of priority of functional groups
Carboxylic acids
Aldehydes
Ketones
Alcohols
Alkenes
Halogenoalkanes
where is the C=O bonds of an aldehyde always on in a carbon chain
always on carbon 1
what is homolytic fission
each atom gets one electron from the covalent bond
what is formed when a bond breaks by homolytic fission
free radicals
what are free radicals
a reactive species that have an unpaired electron. They don’t have a charge and are represented by a dot
what is heterolytic fission
when one atom gets both electrons
what kind of arrow shows the movement of one electron
one headed arrow
what kind of arrow shows the movement of both electrons
2 headed arrow
what does heterolytic fission produce
ions
what are structural isomers
same molecular formular but different structures
types of structural isomerism
chain isomers
position isomers
functional isomers
what is a chain isomer
same molecular formula but different structures of the carbon skeleton
