intro to organic chem Flashcards
what is a hydrocarbon
a compound only consisting of carbon and hydrogen
what does saturated mean
It only contains C-C single bonds
What does unsaturated mean
when it contains a C=C double bond
what is molecular formula
the formula shows the actual number of each atom present
what is an empirical formula
the simplest whole number ration of the atoms of each element
what is the prefix/suffix of an alkene
-ene
what is the prefix/suffix of an alkane
-ane
what is the prefix/suffix of alcohols
Hydroxy- or -ol
What is bonded to a carbon to form an alcohol
An OH group
what is the prefix/suffix of halogenoalkanes
either Fluoro-, Chloro-, Bromo- or Iodo-
what is bonded to a / or many carbons in a halogenoalkane
any type of halogen
what is the prefix/suffix of aldehydes
formyl- or -al
what is the prefix/suffix of ketones
oxo- or -one
what is the prefix/suffix of carboxilicacids
-oic acid
what is the prefix/suffix of esters
-yl or -oate
how to spot an alkene
a double C=C bond
how to spot a ketone
An O= bond to a secondary carbon
how to spot an aldehyde
An O= bond to a primary carbon
how to spot a carboxylic acid
An O= to a carbon bonded to an OH- group
how to spot an ester
An O= to a carbon single bonded to -O
How to name carbon chains
- count the longest carbon chain
- find any branched chains
- add appropriate prefix/suffix for anything added
what is an alkyl
methyl-
when a carbon is bonded to another with only 3 hydrogens attached
what is the general formula for an alkyl
CₙH₂ₙ₊₁
