Intro to Organic Flashcards
why is the IUPAC system useful
it allows scientists to discuss organic chemistry safely as they all know what they are talking about
define empirical formula
simplest whole number ration of atoms in a molecule
define molecular formula
gives the actual number of atoms of different elements in a molecule
define displayed formula
shows every atom and every bond in a molecule
define structural formula
shows arrangement of atoms in a molecule without showing every bond
define skeletal formula
drawn as lines with each vertex being a carbon atom and the carbon atoms and H atoms are assumed
give the suffixes for
a) no double bonds
b) at least one double bonds
c) an alcahol
d) an aldehyde
e) a ketone
f) a carboxylic acid
a) ane
b) ene
c) ol
d) al
c) one
f) oic acid
define structural isomerism
when molecules have the same molecular formula but different structural formula
what is positional isomerism
functional group is attached to the main chain at a different place
what is functional group isomerism
same atoms but a different functional group due to a different arrangement of atoms
what is chain isomerism
hydrocarbon chain organised differently
define stereoisomerism
when molecules have the same structural and molecular formula but have a different arrangement of atoms in space
what is E-Z isomerism and how are the E and Z isomers decided
E-Z isomerism is caused by a limited rotation of C=C double bonds
it the two substituents with the highest atomic number are on the same side then it is a Z isomer and if they are on different sides E
define a general formula
an algebraic formula that can describe any member of a family of compounds
define a homologous series
a family of compounds that have the same functional group and a general formula
what are the features of a homologous series
- same general formula
- increases by CH2
- similar chemical properties
- gradually changing physical
- same functional group
