Intro to oral surgery

Question 1

What is a non- surgical extraction?

Answer 1

• No flaps, no bone removal, no sectioning of teeth

Question 2

What is used for non-surgical extractions?

Answer 2

• Forceps and elevators

Question 3

What can be included in surgical extractions? (3 points)

Answer 3

• Incisions in gingivae/mucoperiodteal flaps
• Bone removal with drills or chizels
• Tooth sectioning with drills

Question 4

What is a coronectomy?

Answer 4

• Remove crown of the tooth, leave roots

- Can be used when roots are close to nerves, where surgical removal carries a higher risk of damage to the nerve

Question 5

What are impacted canines/premolars and how are they treated? (3 points)

Answer 5

• Permanent canines and premolars sometimes do not erupt
• They can be uncovered (exposed to allow the orthodontist to bring them into alignment)
• Or they can be surgically removed if they are causing problems, cannot be orthodontically aligned or are in the way/preventing orthodontic tooth movement

Question 6

What are OAC/OAF?

Answer 6

• From canine to last molar in the upper arch - there can be a close relationship to the maxillary sinus
• Extraction can result in a communication between the sinus and oral cavity
• An acute communication is called an oro-antral communication
• A chronic communication is an epithelial lined tract - An oro-antral fistula
• If they do not heal they need to be surgically closed

Question 7

What is an excision?

Answer 7

Removal of the whole lesion

Question 8

What is an incision?

Answer 8

• Take a sample of the lesion

Question 9

What are mucoceles?

Answer 9

• Damaged salivary glands
• Saliva gets trapped within the minor gland
• Can increase and decrease in size - often burst then refill

Question 10

Damage to sublingual salivary gland can result in a ranula. What is this?

Answer 10

• Like a large mucocele in the floor of the mouth. Often marsupialised. If it does not resolve requires more complex surgery for removal

Question 11

What is a punch biopsy?

Answer 11

A core: punch a circle around the lesion (excision) or within the lesion (incision) - 4mm-6mm

Question 12

What is a cyst?

Answer 12

• Epithelial lined fluid filled cavities in bone or soft tissues

Question 13

What is an enucleation?

Answer 13

• Removal of an entire cyst

Question 14

What is marsupialisation?

Answer 14

• Removal of part of cyst lining and leaving it open. ‘de-roofing’

Question 15

What is periradicular surgery?

Answer 15

• Surgery around the root of the mouth

Question 16

What are possible indications of periradicular surgery? (4 points)

Answer 16

• Failed root canal treatment/ non-resolving infection/cyst
• Root fractures
• Post crown teeth - post perforations
• Can involve debridement (cleaning), sealing perforations, apicectomy (removal of root apex)

Question 17

What is used for Cryosurgery/Cryotherapy?

Answer 17

• Liquid nitrogen/Nitrous Oxide

Question 18

What are 2 things that can be treated by Cryosurgery/Cryotherapy?

Answer 18

• Haemangiomas

- Trigeminal neuralgia - Cryo the nerve involved

Question 19

What can TMJ problems be treated with? (3 points)

Answer 19

• Conservative advice and analgesia, occlusal splints/bite raising appliances