Intro to Oncology- G

Question 1

1) Cancer of the skin or in tissues that line or cover the internal organs.
2) Cancer in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels or other connective or supportive tissue
3) Cancer in blood cells r bone marrow
4) Cancer in immune system

Answer 1

1) Carcinoma
2) Sarcoma
3) Leukemia
4) Lymphona/myeloma

Question 2

Factors to consider in Carcinogenesis

Answer 2

• Heredity- Genes
• Immunity-HIV
• Chemical- Asbestos
• Physical- UV radiation
• Viral
• Bacterial- H. pylori
• Lifestyle- Age, occupation, ethnicity, deprivation

Question 3

MALT Lymphoma caused by what?

Answer 3

H. pylori

Question 4

Single biggest cause of cancer

Answer 4

Smoking

Question 5

3 types of clinical manisfestations

Answer 5

1) Subclinical
2) Local- Ex: Pain,fractures= Multiple myeloma
3) Systemic- Ex: Fever, night sweats, weight loss

Question 6

What are some microscopic appearances of Cancer Cells (7)

Answer 6

1) Large number of irregularly shaped dividing cells
2) Large, variably shaped nuclei
3) Small cytoplasmic volume relative to nuclei
4) Variation in cell size and shape
5) Loss of normal specialized cell features
6) Disorganized arrangement
7) Poorly defined tumor boundry

Question 7

For most solid tumors, the TNM system is used. What is this?

Answer 7

T=Tumor size (primary tumor) {0-4}
N=Nodal involvement {0-4}
M= Metastatic spred {0-1}

Question 8

Stages I-IV

Answer 8

I= Single Location
II= 2 or more locations, same side of diaphragm
III= 2 or more locations both sides of diaphragm
IV= Disseminated

Question 9

Karnofsky (100-0%) and the ECOG (0-4) does what?

Answer 9

Performance status- consistent predictor of treatment tolerance and outcome.

Question 10

What are treatment goals in cancer and the 3 basic modalities?

Answer 10

• Cure, Prolong survival, Improve quality of life.

- Surgery, Chemotherapy, Radiation

Question 11

List a:

1) Monoclonal antibody
2) Tyrosine kinase inhibitor
3) Farnesyl transferase inhibitor
4) ALK inhibitor
5) Antiangiogenesis
6) Proteasome Inhibitor

Answer 11

1) Rituximab
2) Imatinib
3) Tipifarnib
4) Crizotinib
5) Bevacizumab
6) Bortezomib

Question 12

1) Primary prevention is avoiding cancer from ________.

2) Secondary prevention is avoiding cancer from __________ in a previously treated patient.

Answer 12

1) Occuring

2) Recurring

Question 13

What type of light is most common kind of sunlight at earths surface and reaches beyond top layer of skin. Causes cells to age and can damage DNA. Linked to long-term skin damage (wrinkles), but also skin cancers.

Answer 13

UVA

Question 14

What light is mostly absorbed by ozone and does not penetrate skin deeply. Can cause direct damage to to DNA. Linked to sunburns and primary cause of skin cancers

Answer 14

UVB

Question 15

What light is most dangerous but does not reach the ground?

Answer 15

UVC