Intro to Nuclear medicine

Question 1

What is radiopharmaceutical?

Answer 1

Patient is injected/ingests/inhales a radio-active isotope/nuclide combined with a pharmalogical agent

Question 2

What is used to image the radipharamecutical?

Answer 2

Gamma cameras that detect radio activity being released from patients body

Question 3

What 3 types of radioactivity can be emitted from the patient’s body?

Answer 3

Gamma rays
Positrons
other radiation partciles

Question 4

What can imaging from gamma cameras be fused with?

Answer 4

CT images

Question 5

What is a nuclide?

Answer 5

species of atom with specific atomic number and neutron number in a defined nuclear state

Question 6

What are isotopes?

Answer 6

Group of nuclides with same proton number

Question 7

What is de-excitation referred to as?

Answer 7

Decay

Question 8

Define the biological half life?

Answer 8

Time taken for the concentration/amount of radio-activity in body to halve

Question 9

What are 4 forms of radiation?

Answer 9

Alpha
beta
gamma
neutron

Question 10

What is the commonly used isotope in nuclear medicine?

Answer 10

Techneytium-99m

Question 11

What is Tc’s half life?

Answer 11

6.04 hours

Question 12

What is a radiopharmaceutical a combination of?

Answer 12

Radionuclide (provide image) and chemical compound (carry radioactivity to target)

Question 13

What radioactive element can exist on its own?

Answer 13

Radium 223
labelled blood cell

Question 14

How many components are in the Gamma cameras?

Answer 14

7

Question 15

What is the function of the collimator?

Answer 15

Controls amount and energy level of gamma photons allowed pass to scintillation crystals

Question 16

What is Scintillation?

Answer 16

Light created when gamma photos hit crystal

Question 17

What is the role of photomultiplyer tubes?

Answer 17

Amplify and convert light scintillations into proportional electrical/digital signal

Question 18

What does the patient have to do before radiopharmaceutical imaging?

Answer 18

Hydrated
fast
stop medication
accompanied by an adult
stop breast feeding

Question 19

What does the fusion of RNI and CT image assist?

Answer 19

Localization and characterization of increased/decreased areas of radiopharmaceutical uptake

Question 20

What is the pathway and length of time at each stop in SPECT imaging determined by?

Answer 20

Radiographer and parameters selected

Question 21

How is the PET/CT 3D image created?

Answer 21

By beta/positron emission using Fluorine18 FDG

Question 22

What is PER/Ct imaging most commonly used for?

Answer 22

Oncology staging and planning

Question 23

Which imaging is specific?

Answer 23

Gamma camera imaging
PET/CET is whole body

Question 24

What diseases can SPECT/CT imaging be used for?

Answer 24

NM bone scan using Tc99m DPD
Cardiac Scintigraphy and cardiac stress/rest scan
Renal imaging
Oncology staging

Question 25

What are 2 pros for PSMA Ga68 for prostrate cancer imaging?

Answer 25

Generated onsite
lower patient dose

Question 26

What are 3 cons for PSMA Ga68 for prostrate cancer imaging?

Answer 26

lower beta emission
higher energy in each photon -> reduce image quality
global reduction in image quality