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ANAT 411 > Intro to NS Conceptual LOs > Flashcards

Intro to NS Conceptual LOs Flashcards

1
Q

Define Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems

A

Central includes the brain and spinal column Peripheral is everything outside of the CNS

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2
Q

What two divisions is the peripheral nervous system divided into?

A
  1. Sensory = Afferent It sends information to the CNS via sensory or afferent neurons 2. Motor = Efferent Takes information from the CNS to target cells via efferent neurons
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3
Q

What are the two divisions of the Motor of Efferent division of the Nervous System?

A
  1. Somatic - controls voluntary movement 2. Autonomic - controls involuntary responses
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4
Q

What are the two divisions of the Autonomic Nervous system?

A
  1. Sympathetic - fight or flight 2. Parasympathetic - rest and digest
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5
Q

How many vertebrae are there?

A

33

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6
Q

How many cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal vertebrae are there?

A

cervical = 7 thoracic = 8 Lumbar = 5 Sacral = 5 Coccygeal = 3-5

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7
Q

What does a normal adult curvature of the spine help with?

A

maintaining posture and contributes to the flexibility and shock-absorbing properties of the vertebral column.

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8
Q

What is a Lordotic curvature?

A

Concave posteriorly present in the cervical and lumbar region

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9
Q

What is a kyphotic curvature?

A

convex posteriorly

Present in the thoracic and sacral regions

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10
Q

What is Hyperkyphosis?

A

An exaggeration of the normal kyphotic curvature in the thoracic region

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11
Q

What is Hyperlordosis?

A

An exaggeration of the normal lordotic curvature in the cervical and/or lumbar regions

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12
Q

What is Scoliosis?

A

Abnormal lateral deviation of the vertebral column. Often accompanied with kyphotic or lordotic curves.

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13
Q

Anatomy of spinal cord, dorsal and ventral roots, spinal nerves and dorsal and ventral rami

A
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14
Q

Describe the three layers of the meniges surrounding the spinal cord

A
  1. Dura Mater - forms thick outer meningeal layer
  2. Arachnoid Mater- Delicate vascular membrane usually stuck to inside of dura with spidery projections that attach to the pia mater
  3. Pia mater -
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15
Q

What are collections of neuronal cell bodies in the central nervous system called?

A

Nuclei

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16
Q

What are collections of neuronal cell bodies in the PNS called?

A

Ganglila

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17
Q

What are the three types of ganglia

A
  1. Sensory - spinal or DRG
  2. Sympathetic - paravertebral ganglia and prevertebral ganglia
  3. Parasympathetic - associated with cranial nerves III, V, VII, IX, and X. Also with small ganglia near organs.
18
Q

What is the shape of an afferent nerve or neuron

A

Psuedounipolar or bipolar

19
Q

Psuedounipolar neuron has what shape

What division of the NS system does this belong to?

A

cell body in the middle with mylinated axon on either side. Almost looks like it’s just an axon.

Afferent (Sensory)

20
Q

What is the shape of a Bipolar neuron?

What division of the NS does this neuron belong to?

A

dendrite that extends to a centrally located cell body and the an axon extends from the other side of the cell body

Afferent (Sensory)

21
Q

The neurons in the central nervous system have what shape?

A

Multipolar - branches off both sides of cell body. No mylination

22
Q

What type of neurons are in the Efferent division of the NS?

What are the two shapes of these neurons?

A

Multipolar

mylinated axon (Somatic)

unmylenated axon (Autonomic)

23
Q

What is the pathway of an Afferent sensory signal?

A

Dorsal root ganglion -> dorsal rootlets -> dorsal horn

24
Q

Visceral or Autonomic afferent neurons are located where?

A

localized within organs to send information to the CNS

25
Q

Somatic (Voluntary) neurons are located where

A

Primarily on skin detect temp, pain, burns

26
Q

Efferent or motor neurons have what shape?

A

Multipolar

27
Q

Efferent neurons contain

A

both axons and dendrites

28
Q

Visceral (Autonomic) efferent signal follows initially exits the CNS where?

How many neurons does it use?

Pathway of signal

A

exits the lateral horn towards organ.

Uses 2 neurons

cell body in CNS -> synapses with another neuron in the PNS. Preganglionic fiber -> preganglionic axon -> ganglionic neuron -> post ganglionic fiber

29
Q

Somatic Efferent exits the CNS where?

How many neurons does it use

What is the signal pathway?

A

the ventral horn towards muscle

1 that goes directly to skeletal muscle you do not have a synapse.

Ventral or lateral horn -> ventral rootlets -> spinal root -> corresponding rami

30
Q

Somatic Pain

A

Pain from skin, muscles and soft tissue

31
Q

Visceral pain

A

pain from organs or blood vesesls harder to pinpoint and generally described as an aching or squeezing.

32
Q

Describe spinal cord segment

A

Defined by the rootlets. Corresponds with the same vertebral level from the thoracic area down. But the cervical does not because C1 segment occurs above the atlas. Thus C2 segment corresponds with the atlas.

33
Q

Dermatome

A

Patch of skin innervated by the somatic sensory neurons (Afferent) found in a particular dorsal root ganglia

34
Q

Myotome

A

The group of muscles innervated by the somatic motor neurons (Efferent) whose axons exit the spinal cord in a particular ventral root.

35
Q

Contrast Root, plexus, and terminal branch with respect to definition, location, and pathology

A

Root in the brachial plexus is actually the ventral rami of the spinal nerve

Plexus - Portions of peripheral nerves between “roots” and the terminal branches, where the axons have redistributed themselves.

Terminal branch would typically mean the end of a nerve, but in a plexus it’s when the axons are finally specific to an innervation.

36
Q

Describe the anatomy of the brachial plexus as an example of a nerve plexus.

A

Innervates the upper limb. rovides sensory information and motor functions to the corresponding muscle of the upper limb and shoulder

  • Roots
  • Trunks

Divisions

Cords

Terminal

“RaT DuCT”

37
Q

What are the roots of the brachial plexus?

A

Supraclavicular, 5 central rami C5-8, T1

38
Q

What are the trunks of the brachial plexus?

A

Superior C5-C6

Middle C7

Inferior C8-T1

39
Q

What are the cords of the brachial plexus?

A

All with respect to the axillary artery

Lateral - fusion of the anterior superior and middle trunk

Medial - continuation of the anterior division of the inferior trunk

Posterior - all posterior visions come together

40
Q

What are the divisions of the brachial plexus?

A

Trunks divide into anterior and posterior

anterior superior

posterior superior

Anterior Middle

Posterior Middle

Anterior Inferior

Posterior Inferior

41
Q

What are the Terminal branches of the brachial plexus?

A

AMeRican MUsic

A- Axillary C5, C6 ventral rami

M - Musculocutaneous C5-C7

R- Radial C5-C8

M- Median C5-C9

U- Ulnar C8-T1

42
Q
A

ANAT 411 (4 decks)

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