Intro to Normal Gait Flashcards
what is stance phase
entire period the limb is in contact with the ground
60% of gait cycle
what is the swing phase
begins when the foot comes off the ground
40% of gait cycle
what is the Ranchos Los Amigos gait phase terminology
initial contact
loading response
midstance
terminal stance
preswing
initial swing
mid swing
terminal swing
what is the standard gait cycle terminology
heel strike
foot flat
midstance
heel off
toe off
acceleration
midswing
deceleration
when in the gait cycle can you observe the functional task of weight acceptance
during initial contact and loading response
impact of GRF is rapidly absorbed by outstretched limb
body continues of forward path while stability is maintained
both feet in contact with ground
when can you observe single limb support
mid stance and terminal stance
weight transferred from metatarsal heads and heel comes off ground
when can you observe swing limb advancement
preswing, initial swing, mid swing, and terminal swing
limb unloaded when off gorund
limb moved from behind body to front
initial contact stage is important for
positioning limb to start stance
loading response is important for
shock absorption
WB stability
fwd progresison
mid stance is important for
progression of COG over BOS
limb and trunk stability
terminal stance is important for
progression of COG beyond BOS
preswing is important for
positioning limb for swing
initial swing is important for
foot clearance if floor
limb advancement from trailing position
mid swing is important for
limb advancement
foot clearance from floor
terminal swing is important for
complete limb advancement
preparation for stance
a gait speed < 0.4 m/s predicts
longer length of stay in acute care
likely discharger to SNF
a gait speed < 0.6 m/s
predicts future risk of falls and hospitalization
tend to require assitance in ADLs
need greater than 0.49 to cross street safely
a gait speed < 1 m/s suggests
benefit for fall prevention
> 0.67 m/s to complete self care
0.89 for household activities
gait speed needed to complete yard work
1.1 m/s
gait speed needed to climb stairs
1.3 m/s
temporal gait variables
cadence (number of steps per minutes)
stance time
swing time
double support time
single support time
spatial gait variables
stride length (avg 56 in)
step length (avg 28 in)
step/base width
hip flx/ext ROM requirements for normal gait
flx = 0-30
ext = 0-10
knee flx/ext required for normal gait
flx = 0-60
ext = 0
ankle DF/PF required for normal gait
DF = 0-10
PF = 0-20
foot slap indicates
lack of eccentric activation of the dorsiflexors
high stepping gait indicates
weak dorsiflexors and foot drop
compensated with increased hip and knee flexion
weak quadriceps gait causes the line of gravoty to go where
anterior to medial lateral axis of RT
trendelenberg gait is indicated by what
opposite side of pelvis drops
weak hip abductors
compensated response for trendelenburg gait
line of gravity shifted toward weak hip
weak hip abd
what is posterior lurch gait
ext of hip posterior to medial lateral axis due to gravity
what are the steps for gait cycle observation
observe
record any deviations
determine if any are significant enough to interfere with functional tasks
consider all possible causes of deviation
determine most likely causes based on impairment testing
determine appropriate interventions
implement treatment
reassess later to determine effectiveness
