intro to neuroscience

Question 1

What is Neuroscience and how is it studied

Answer 1

-Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system
-molecular - which NT
-cellular - morphologies of cells achieving different things
-genetics- what genes are expressed in certain cells
-systems- sensory, motor
-cognitive
-behavioural
-neuroanatomy

Question 2

what are the major divisions in the nervous system

Answer 2

1) Central nervous system (CNS)
- brain and spinal chord
2)Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
-somatic nervous system- skin, joints and muscles
-autonomic nervous system (breathing) - internal organs, blood vessels , glands

Question 3

what are neuroanatomical terms

Answer 3

-dorsal: back- sensory information
-ventral: stomach
-anterior: front
-posterior: back
-spinal chord:
1) transverse (horrizontally cut)
2) longitudinal (fut in 1/2 vertically)
-saggital- down the middle- front to back

Question 4

what are the key areas of the brain

Answer 4

-Forebrain
=Cerebral hemispheres- bit that sticks out= jairie, bit that sinks= sulkie
=Thalamus & Hypothalamus
-Midbrain
=more developed in humans
=old part of brain compared to cerebral cortex
-Hindbrain
=Pons
=Cerebellum- motor
=Medulla
-Brainstem (midbrain, pons, and medulla all working together) = a functional unit

Question 5

whats the ventricular system

Answer 5

-Cavity
-Cerebrospinal fluid- standard ECF with some differences
-Provides physical protection
-Maintains appropriate levels of ions
-Removes waste products
-fluid on outside of whole brain- cerebral spinal fluid all around brain providing buoyancy, runs from cerebral hemisphere to tiny tiny hole in spinal chord
-lateral ventricles- underneath cerebral hemisphere - from 3rd ventricle, sits above hypothalamus
-2 lateral ventricles
-4 th ventricle travels down spinal chord

Question 6

what are the subdivisions of the spinal chord

Answer 6

-functionally 4 divisions- broadly same structure
1)Cervical enlargement, cervical- goes out wider- thicker and more motor neurons going out into arms
2)Thoracic- out towards heart
3)Lumbosacral enlargement, lumbar- stomach, legs
4)Sacral- reproductive organs, innovation of autonomic NS

Question 7

where do you find grey and white matter

Answer 7

-white matter- myelonated axons
-grey matter- neuronal cell bodes (with axons) and glia, cerebral cortex and nuclei