Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro > Intro to neuro > Flashcards

Intro to neuro Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the nervous system

A

CNS and PNS (Central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the sub divisions of the nervous system?

A

Nervous system–>

  1. CNS (Brain and spinal cord)
  2. Peripheral Nervous system –> Autonomic and Somatic
  3. Autonomic –> sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic ( rest and digest)

Somatic –> sensor input and motor output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the parts of a neuron?

A
  1. Dendrites
  2. Nucleus
  3. Axons
  4. Myelin
  5. Node of Ranvier
  6. Scwann cells
  7. Soma
  8. Axon Terminal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a nerve?

A

An electric cable made from a bundle of axons which connect the cns to sensory receptors, muscles and glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are sensory nerves?

A

They carry messages from the sensory receptors from tissues to the spinal cord and the brain to process. (afferent pathway)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are motor nerves?

A

They carry instructions from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands (efferent pathway)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are Interneurons?

A

Within the CNS, brain and spinal cord connect and communicate with each other and process information between sensory input and the motor output.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are post-mortem studies?

A

Studies done from brains of dead people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are lesion studies?

A

Studies done on naturally damaged brains (in humans) or experimentally damaged brains (in animals)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is gross neuro anatomy?

A

Parts of brain as a whole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What part is found in the brains of primates but not all mammals?

A

Neo Cortex ( 6 layers in human and about 3ish in birds and reptiles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the parts of spine?

A
  1. Vertebra
  2. Spinal Cord
  3. Disk
  4. Spine Nerves
  5. Sensory nerves pathway (posterior)
  6. Sensory Root
  7. Motor Nerves Pathway (anterior)
  8. Motor Root
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Who is the father of modern neuroscience?

A

Santiago Ramon y cajal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What was Santiago Ramon y cajal’s theory called?

A

The Neuron Doctrine : The nervous system is made up of discrete individual cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which scientist is the staining and pathology master?

A

Camillo Golgi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What was Camillo Golgi’s theory about the nervous system?

A

The Reticular theory: Everything in the brain such as the nervous system is a continuous network

17
Q

What was Golgi’s Silver staining technique combination to see nervous tissue under light microscopy?

A

Silver Nitrate + Potassium Dichromate

18
Q

Which theory was right, The neuron Doctrine or the Reticular Theory?

A

The neuron doctrine: The nervous system is made up of discrete individual cells (by Santiago Ramon Y Cajal)

19
Q

What are examples of Staining?

A

GFP: Green florescent Protein
DAPI (Blue)

20
Q

Full form of CT scan and the function

A

Computed Tomography: Takes many (series) X-rays using radiation from different angles to re-create an image

21
Q

Advantages of CT scan:

A

-fast and effective (about 10-20 min: useful in strokes)
- Inexpensive compared to other techniques

22
Q

Disadvantages:

A

Radiation Exposure
Poor Spatial Resolution

23
Q

What is MRI’s Full form and how does it work?

A

Magnetic Resonance Theory uses properties of hydrogen atoms to measure the signal released by tissues

24
Q

Uses and Advantages of MRI:

A

-location of Lesion
-Identifies Behavioral Symptoms
Better resolution than a CT
-no radiation

25
Q

Disadvantages of MRI or (aka Structural MRI):

A

-Expensive
-Time Consuming
-Cannot have metal implants
-Loud (uncomfortable and anxiety-inducing)

26
Q

What is FMRI:

A

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Measures the change in the magnetic field due to oxygen levels in the blood (hemodynamic Response)

-Aka BOLD (Blood Oxygen Level Dependent)

27
Q

Advantages of FMRI:

A

-good spatial resolution
-Non-invasive
-Widely Used

28
Q

Disadvantages of FMRI:

A

Low Temporal resolution
Hard to interpret and measure results (noise)

29
Q

Uses of PET scan and full form:

A

Positron Emission Tomography: Labels specific proteins and the exact location of them in the brain

30
Q

Advantages of PET:

A

-Many different PET tracers
-Can be used in a variety of studies

31
Q

Disadvantages of PET:

A

-Expensive
-Invasive
-Limited Spatial Resolution
-limited Temporal Resolution

32
Q

What is the full form of EEG and its advantages?

A

Electroencephalography
-electrodes placed on scalp
-looks at different waves
-useful in sleep studies and seizers and epilepsy
-Very high precision (measures every milli-second activity)

33
Q

What are the disadvantages of using EEG?

A

-summarizes results from all the neurons
-cannot detect the activity in a single neuron

34
Q

What are induced models?

A

Animals are altered in order to create models of disease (damaging a particular area of the brain to mice to mimic the symptoms similar to humans with brain injury.

35
Q

What are transgenic animals?

A

Animals that are genetically altered. (genes are either added, deleted to modified) (Involves using genetic technology)

36
Q

Why is a brain mice useful?

A

Useful to study disease mechanisms and functional processes

Neuro (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions