intro to nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

CNS includes the _____ and ___

A

brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

PNS includes the ____ and _____

A

cranial and spinal nerves

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3
Q

brain is divided into 4 big regions

A

Cerebrum
diencephalon
brain stem
cerebullum

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4
Q

subcortical structure affected during parkinson disease is the ____

A

basal ganglia and white matter

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5
Q

gray matter inside is wider at the ___ horn

A

ventral

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6
Q

efferent nerves leave from the ___ side

A

ventral

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7
Q

afferent nerves enter ____

A

dorsally

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8
Q

main function of the CNS

A

integrate and control information in the nervous system

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9
Q

Vision is the only sense that CNS does not need the PNS

A

light enters the retina and goes straight to thalamus

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10
Q

alzheimers disease

A

atrophy of brain tissue affects the hippocampus first then affects the whole brain

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11
Q

glioblastoma

A

tumor of astrocytes a type of glial cell

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12
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

demyleation of CNS nerves leading to issues with motor function

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13
Q

afferent (sensory) nerves return to

A

CNS

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14
Q

efferent (motor) nerves leave

A

CNS

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15
Q

somatic nervous system

A

controls voluntary muscle movement

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16
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

controls involuntary movement of organs

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17
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

mediates fight or flight

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18
Q

paresympathetic nervous system

A

mediates rest and digest response

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19
Q

enteric nervous system

A

nervous system for the GI tract

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20
Q

Disorders of PNS
diabetic neuropathy

A

high glucose gamages nerves typically in hands and feet

21
Q

Disorders of PNS
schwannoma

A

a tumor of the schwann cells

22
Q

sciatica

A

sciaatic nerve pain

23
Q

basic unit of the nervous system

24
Q

cell body

A

has the nucleus of the cell

25
dendrites
increases the surface area of soma to recieve signals from other neurons
26
axon
may or may not have a myelin sheath made of fat for faster conduction speed
27
axon terminals
end of the axon
28
neurotransmitters are relesed form ___ terminals into synapse
axon
29
mulitpolar neurons
most common type of neurons in all vertebrates
30
bipolar neurons
has the cell body in the center of the neuron with a dendrite on one end and presynaptic terminal on the other end
31
pseudo unipolar neurons
have the cell body protruduing adjacent to the axon
32
unipolar neurons
have dendrites protruduing adjacent to the axon body
33
Excitatory neurons increase the
probability that a target neuron fires. The common neurotransmitter is glutamate
34
Inhibitory neurons decrease that probability. The common neurotransmitter is
GABA
35
Modulatory neurons modify that probability, up or down. The common neurotransmitters are
dopamine, serotonin, and acetylcholine
36
Astrocytes will ____ form the blood-brain barrier, and help maintain brain homeostasis
guide neural migration during development
37
microglia
immune defense in the CNS
38
oligodendrocytes coat CNS neurons with
myelin
39
Schwann cells coat PNS neurons with
myelin
40
T or F Quick note about the difference between Schwann and oligodendrocytes is that oligodendrocytes can coat multiple parts of a neuron. One Schwann cell coats only one par
T
41
white matter is just the
myelin
42
astrocytes in CNS are more than ___ neurons
common
43
functions of astrocytes
guide neural migration during development help form blood brain barrier help maintain brain homeostatis
44
disorder of astrocytoma
CNS
45
saltatory conduction nodes of ranvier
46
in glial cells myelin sheat not continuous along axon myelinated internodes with nodes of ranvier between them action potentials "leap" from node to node called salatory conduction
47
neuron cell bodies dendrites and synapses interneurons astrocytes and microglia
gray matter
48
myelinated axons oligodendrocytes or schwann cells
white matter
49
unmyelinated axon segments near synapses synapses astrocytes and microglia
gray matter