intro to nervous system

Question 1

CNS includes the _____ and ___

Answer 1

brain and spinal cord

Question 2

PNS includes the ____ and _____

Answer 2

cranial and spinal nerves

Question 3

brain is divided into 4 big regions

Answer 3

Cerebrum
diencephalon
brain stem
cerebullum

Question 4

subcortical structure affected during parkinson disease is the ____

Answer 4

basal ganglia and white matter

Question 5

gray matter inside is wider at the ___ horn

Answer 5

ventral

Question 6

efferent nerves leave from the ___ side

Answer 6

ventral

Question 7

afferent nerves enter ____

Answer 7

dorsally

Question 8

main function of the CNS

Answer 8

integrate and control information in the nervous system

Question 9

Vision is the only sense that CNS does not need the PNS

Answer 9

light enters the retina and goes straight to thalamus

Question 10

alzheimers disease

Answer 10

atrophy of brain tissue affects the hippocampus first then affects the whole brain

Question 11

glioblastoma

Answer 11

tumor of astrocytes a type of glial cell

Question 12

multiple sclerosis

Answer 12

demyleation of CNS nerves leading to issues with motor function

Question 13

afferent (sensory) nerves return to

Answer 13

CNS

Question 14

efferent (motor) nerves leave

Answer 14

CNS

Question 15

somatic nervous system

Answer 15

controls voluntary muscle movement

Question 16

autonomic nervous system

Answer 16

controls involuntary movement of organs

Question 17

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 17

mediates fight or flight

Question 18

paresympathetic nervous system

Answer 18

mediates rest and digest response

Question 19

enteric nervous system

Answer 19

nervous system for the GI tract

Question 20

Disorders of PNS
diabetic neuropathy

Answer 20

high glucose gamages nerves typically in hands and feet

Question 21

Disorders of PNS
schwannoma

Answer 21

a tumor of the schwann cells

Question 22

sciatica

Answer 22

sciaatic nerve pain

Question 23

basic unit of the nervous system

Answer 23

neuron

Question 24

cell body

Answer 24

has the nucleus of the cell

Question 25

dendrites

Answer 25

increases the surface area of soma to recieve signals from other neurons

Question 26

axon

Answer 26

may or may not have a myelin sheath made of fat for faster conduction speed

Question 27

axon terminals

Answer 27

end of the axon

Question 28

neurotransmitters are relesed form ___ terminals into synapse

Answer 28

axon

Question 29

mulitpolar neurons

Answer 29

most common type of neurons in all vertebrates

Question 30

bipolar neurons

Answer 30

has the cell body in the center of the neuron with a dendrite on one end and presynaptic terminal on the other end

Question 31

pseudo unipolar neurons

Answer 31

have the cell body protruduing adjacent to the axon

Question 32

unipolar neurons

Answer 32

have dendrites protruduing adjacent to the axon body

Question 33

Excitatory neurons increase the

Answer 33

probability that a target neuron fires. The common neurotransmitter is glutamate

Question 34

Inhibitory neurons decrease that probability. The common neurotransmitter is

Answer 34

GABA

Question 35

Modulatory neurons modify that probability, up or down. The common neurotransmitters are

Answer 35

dopamine, serotonin, and acetylcholine

Question 36

Astrocytes will ____ form the blood-brain barrier, and help maintain brain homeostasis

Answer 36

guide neural migration during development

Question 37

microglia

Answer 37

immune defense in the CNS

Question 38

oligodendrocytes coat CNS neurons with

Answer 38

myelin

Question 39

Schwann cells coat PNS neurons with

Answer 39

myelin

Question 40

T or F Quick note about the difference between Schwann and oligodendrocytes is that oligodendrocytes can coat multiple parts of a neuron. One Schwann cell coats only one par

Answer 40

T

Question 41

white matter is just the

Answer 41

myelin

Question 42

astrocytes in CNS are more than ___ neurons

Answer 42

common

Question 43

functions of astrocytes

Answer 43

guide neural migration during development help form blood brain barrier help maintain brain homeostatis

Question 44

disorder of astrocytoma

Answer 44

CNS

Question 45

saltatory conduction nodes of ranvier

Question 46

in glial cells myelin sheat not continuous along axon myelinated internodes with nodes of ranvier between them action potentials "leap" from node to node called salatory conduction

Question 47

neuron cell bodies dendrites and synapses interneurons astrocytes and microglia

Answer 47

gray matter

Question 48

myelinated axons oligodendrocytes or schwann cells

Answer 48

white matter

Question 49

unmyelinated axon segments near synapses synapses astrocytes and microglia

Answer 49

gray matter