Intro to nephro

Question 1

filtering element of the nephron

Answer 1

glomerulus and tubule

• glomerulus is a tuft of capillaries interposed btw afferent and efferent arterioles
• tuft is hosed in an epithelial cell capsule called Bowman’s capsule-the filtrate must pass through 3 layers (fenestrated endothelial cell, glomerular basement membrane, epithelial cell

Question 2

explain what the juxtaglomerular apparatus is used for

Answer 2

the macula densa and JG cells are located in the afferent arteriole tubuloglomerular feedback: machanism of autoregulation; mediated by macula dense cells which sense the change in NaCl delivery
ex. have low BP = low flow rate through distal tubule because there is less blood flow to the kidney; the macula densa cells of the DT sense the low flow rate and decreased amount of NaCl through the area; this sends a message to JG cells which has prorenin that gets cleaved to renin which goes into blood stream and begins renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway

Question 3

renin-angiotensin-adosterone pathway

Answer 3

renin converts angiotensin to angiotensin 1; ACE converts ang 1 to ang 2 which causes a rise in systemic BP, Na and H20 reabsorption in the prox tubule helps to restore volume secretion of aldosterone

Question 4

Components of urinalysis

Answer 4

color
acidity
specific gravity
protein
glucose
ketones
blood