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UW ANATOMY > Intro to Muscles > Flashcards

Intro to Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 types of muscles and what are the difference between each?

A

Cardiac- Involuntary striated, single nuclei
Smooth- involuntary non striated, single nuclei
Skeletal- voluntary striated, multi nuclei

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2
Q

what are pacemaker cells and what types of muscle have them?

A

Pacemaker cells coordinate contractions that is separate from the nervous system

Cardiac muscle and some smooth muscle

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3
Q

Cardiac muscle cells form extensive connections with one another at specialized regions called

A

Intercalated discs

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4
Q

what are the 3 concentric layers/ wrappings of muscle from (outer to middle and inner)

A

Epimysium( outer layer covering muscle)
Perimysium(middle layer covering fascicle)
Endomysium (inner layer covering muscle fiber)

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5
Q

the ___ (lining of muscle) consists of a delicate network of reticular fibers

A

endomysium

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6
Q

the ___ (lining of muscle) contains collagen and elastic fibers

A

Perimysium

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7
Q

the __(lining of muscle is made of irregular connective tissue

A

epimysium

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8
Q

____cells lie between the endomysium and the muscle fibers are stem cells that repair damaged muscle tissue

these are found in what type of muscle?

A

Myosatellite

Skeletal

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9
Q

what is a tendon?

what is it made of ?

A

the collagen fibers of the epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium come together and form a tendon that attaches the muscle to bone, cartilage, skin, or another muscle

Dense Regular CT

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10
Q

Tendons that form thick, flattened sheets are called

A

aponeuroses.

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11
Q

Chemical communication between a neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber occurs at a site called the

the axon terminal attaches to the the ___ of the skeletal muscle fiber

A

neuromuscular junction (NMJ)

Motor End Plate

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12
Q

In a skeletal muscle cell, the plasma membrane

A

sarcolemma

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13
Q

Within the sarcolemma is the cytoplasm, which in a muscle cell is called

A

sarcoplasm

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14
Q

During development, groups of embryonic cells called___ fuse to form individual skeletal muscle fibers

A

Myoblasts

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15
Q

Some myoblasts do not fuse with developing muscle fibers, but remain in adult skeletal muscle tissue as stem cells called

A

myosatellite cells

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16
Q

Skeletal muscle cells feature intracellular ____ that extend the length of the cell

A

myofibrils

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17
Q

is a disorder characterized by widespread, chronic (more than three months) musculoskeletal pain

A

Fibromyalgia

18
Q

Rank the terms from largest to smallest: Muscle fiber, muscle fascicle, myofibril, muscle

A

Muscle, fascicle, muscle fiber(muscle cell), and myofibril

19
Q

Deep indentations in the sarcolemmal surface form a network of narrow tubules called______, that extend into the sarcoplasm. The sarcolemma and these_______conduct electrical impulses, called action potentials, to stimulate muscle fiber contraction.

A

Transverse Tubules (T tubules)

20
Q

Myofibrils are organized in repeating units called ____

A

sarcomeres

21
Q

____ are the smallest functional units of muscle fibers

A

Sarcomeres

22
Q

in a sarcomere the dark band is called the ___

and the Light band is called the ___

A

1) A band (dArk)

2) Iband (lIGHT)

23
Q

in a sarcomere the ___ filiment is composed of actin, tropomysosin and troponin

and the ___ filiment is composed of mysoin

A

Light

Dark

24
Q

what are the 4 properties of muscle tissue

A

1) Excitability
2) Contractility
3) Extensibility
4) Elasticity

(EEEC)

25
Q

property of muscle tissue: The ability to shorten actively and exert a pull or tension that is harnessed by connective tissues.

A

Contractility

26
Q

The ability to contract over a range of resting lengths. For example, a smooth muscle cell can be stretched to several times its original length and still contract when stimulated.

A

Extensibility

27
Q

The ability of a muscle to return to its original length after a contraction

A

Elasticity

28
Q

The ability to respond to stimulation. For example, skeletal muscles respond to stimulation by the nervous system, and some smooth muscles respond to circulating hormones.

A

Excitability

29
Q

can damaged cardiac muscle regenerate? why?

A

No

they lack myosatellite cells

30
Q

this type of muscle cells are small with tapering ends

A

smooth

31
Q

this type of muscle cell is the only type of muscle cell that can divide to regenerate after an injury

A

smooth muscle tissue

32
Q

In regards to a tendon what are Sharpey’s Fibers?

A

Collagen fibers that penetrate deep into cortical bone

33
Q

In regards to anatomy what is a motor unit?

A

1) single motor Neuron

2) all of the muscle fibers it controls

34
Q

what does a larger motor unit mean? and does this mean we have more or less control over that muscle?

A

1) the more muscle fibers we have synapsed per motor neuron

3) less control

35
Q

what is the All or None principle

A

If a signal travels through a motor neuron to muscle fibers, all of those muscle fibers synapsed will contract together completely or they will not contract at all.

36
Q

what are the 3 types of skeletal muscle fibers

A

1) slow oxidative fibers
2) Fast Oxidative
3) Fast Glycolytic Fibers

37
Q

this type of muscle fiber: (Aerobic endurance) meant to contract over a longer period of time

what type of muscles would we find more of these in?

A

Slow Oxidative

Postural muscles

38
Q

this type of muscle fiber: (Aerobic Instantaneous power)

A

Fast Glycolytic

39
Q

this type of muscle fiber: intermediate

A

Fast Oxidative

40
Q

can a single motor unit control more than one type of muscle fiber (SO , FO, FG fibers )?

A

NO

41
Q

increase i the size of muscle fiber

how does this happen?

A

Hypertrophy

Both myofibrils and myofilaments increase in size

42
Q

what are the 4 main fascicle arrangements ? what do they mean

A

1) Parallel ( all fibers are lined up in same direction)
2) Convergent (begin fanned out and converge into one tendon
3) Pennate (fibers enter tendon from an angle)
4) circular (mouth and sphincters)

UW ANATOMY (7 decks)

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