Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ortho/Rheumatology > Intro to MSK Injuries > Flashcards

Intro to MSK Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Gustilo-Anderson Classification? What are the 3 classifications?

A

Classifies open fractures

  • I. Low energy wound, <1 cm.
  • II. Wound >1 cm in length w/mod. amount of soft tissue damage.
  • III. High energy wound, >10 cm/extensive soft tissue damage.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What types of injuries are associated w/type III open Fx classification when assoc. w/Fx?

A
  • High velocity GSW.
  • Shotgun wound.
  • Segmental Fx.
  • Co-existing vascular injury.
  • Significant diaphyseal bone loss.
  • Fx sustained in agricultural environment (high risk of infx).
  • Crush from moving vehicle.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe a transverse, oblique and spiral fracture?

A
  • Transverse - Fx at rt. angle to cortices of long axis of bone.
  • Oblique - Fx line oblique to cortices of long axis of bone.
  • Spiral - torsional force, spiral, “twist.”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the most worrisome aspect of fractures?

A

If the Fx involves the intra-articular space; 1/3 involvement requires an ortho consult.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe a comminuted and segmental Fx?

A
  • Comminuted - more than one segment, “Shattered.”
  • Segmental - bone separated into segments by a Fx.
  • *Remember the diff b/t segmental and butterfly segmental.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How are a Torus/Buckle and a Greenstick Fx described?

A

Incomplete Fractures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe a Torus/Buckle and a Greenstick Fx?

A
  • Torus/Buckle - compression Fx or impaction of bone on itself.
  • Greenstick - the bone bends and breaks but the Fx is incomplete.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Who are greenstick Fx’s most often seen in?

A

Children due to their bones being very flexible.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Are Torus/Buckle and Impacted Fx’s the same?

A

Essentially yes, but impaction is a more severe type of torus/buckle Fx.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the difference between Separation, Displaced and Non-Displaced Fx’s?

A
  • Separation - a Fx w/distance between the bone ends; aligned longitudinally.
  • Displaced - lateral distance between the two bones involved (distal fragment moved in relation to proximal fragment).
  • Non-Displaced - Fx that is aligned correctly; longitudinally.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is angulation? Give an example?

A

The angle of distal fragment in relation to proximal fragment.

**Colles Fx of the wrist.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is an avulsion Fx?

A

A “chip” Fx; a ligament or tendon pulls a piece of bone off, rather than rupture itself.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is an intra-articular Fx? What is required with an intra-articular Fx?

A

Where the Fx extends into or involves the joint articular space; requires ortho consult, will need OR.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a stress Fx?

A

Repeated small insults to a site; may not Fx completely.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a pathologic Fx?

A

A Fx related to a diseased bone; it is weakened by pathology and then a Fx.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is an impacted Fx?

A

telescoping of bone, compaction of one bone into another.

Similar to a Torus/Buckle but at greater severity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a depressed Fx?

A

Step-off, sunken in; typically involves the skull.

18
Q

What is the difference between Dislocation and Subluxation?

A

Dislocation = no contact b/t articular surfaces; ex. humoral head dislocation from the glenohumoral joint.

Subluxation = an incomplete dislocation; there is partial contact of articular surfaces.

19
Q

What is common among dislocation and subluxation?

A

They both will have swelling, pain and tenderness around the joint, along w/ligamentous disruption.

20
Q

What is concerning regarding dislocations?

A

There is potential for neurovascular compromise.

21
Q

What requires an Ortho Consult?

A
  • Open Fx or Joint = often OR, IV Abx, Tetanus consideration.
  • Articular surface involved in Fx.
  • Epiphyseal (growth) plate Fx.
22
Q

What is Delayed Union, Nonunion and Malunion?

A
  • Delayed union = Fx that fails to unite in usually time required for union; 4-6 wks is normal union time.
  • Nonunion = a failed union; fragments have stopped the process of bone repair, usually some separation and the bone cannot bridge the gap.
  • Malunion = Fx union w/angulation; did not heal in the correct longitudinal position.
23
Q

What is Osteopenia?

A

A condition that occurs when the body doesn’t make new bone as quickly as it reabsorbs old bone; bone loss.

24
Q

What is the Salter-Harris Classification?

A

Used to classify epiphyseal/growth plate fractures in pediatrics; 5 classes.

25
Q

Name the 5 classes of the Salter-Harris Classification.

A
  • Class I: Fx thru the growth plate, closed reduction.
  • Class II: Fx thru growth plate and metaphysis, closed reduction.
  • Class III: Fx thru growth plate and epiphysis, open or closed reduction.
  • Class IV: Fx thru metaphysis, growth plate and epiphysis; usually open reduction.
  • Class V: growth plate crush, complications.
26
Q

What is a soft tissue contusion?

A

extravasation of blood into the soft tissue after blunt trauma w/assoc. swollen and tenderness.
-ex: bruise = ecchymosis/ecchymoses.

27
Q

What is a strain?

A

Strain involves a tendon or muscle fiber; injury occurs after excessive stretch or forced contraction under resistance.

28
Q

Describe the 3 degrees of strain?

A
  • 1st degree = minor stretching; spasm, mild swelling, local tenderness, slight decreased function.
  • 2nd degree = partial tear or disruption of muscle fibers; moderate swelling, ecchymosis, decreased strength.
  • 3rd degree = complete tear or disruption of muscle fibers; swelling, ecchymosis, decreased strength, palpable “bulge” caused by retracted muscle belly; may lead to significant disability.
29
Q

What is a sprain?

A

Sprain involves an injury to a ligament (bone to bone) from abnormal motion at a joint.

30
Q

Describe the 3 degrees of sprain?

A
  • 1st degree = minor disruption of ligaments; mild hemorrhage and swelling, minor point tenderness, no abn. joint motion.
  • 2nd degree = partial tear of ligaments; moderate hemorrhage and swelling, local tenderness, painful motion, loss of function, minor joint laxity.
  • 3rd degree = complete disruption of joint ligament, abn. joint motion.
31
Q

General treatment of Sprains, Strains and minor MSK injuries?

A

R.I.C.E

  • R = rest, I = ice, C = compression, E = elevation.
  • Analgesics and anti-inflammatories.
  • Consider reduction (compare pre/post reduction films.
  • Disposition - f/u, admitted.
32
Q

Plain films/Conventional radiographs?

A

Most frequently obtained imaging for bone and soft tissues - get multiple views.

33
Q

Fluoroscopy?

A
  • Like and X-ray Movie; you see things in real time.

- useful for evaluating joint motion, placing pins/hardware and aspirating joint spaces.

34
Q

What is an Arthrogram or MRA?

A

Contrast material is injected into the joint space via fluoroscopic technique, then MRI used for further evaluation.

**Indications like “rotator cuff tear” evaluation.

35
Q

CT Scan?

A

Best for evaluating bone!

*Useful for evaluating Fx fragment position in multiple planes and evaluating bone tumors (can show perisoteal changes before MRI).

36
Q

MRI?

A

Great for evaluating soft tissues structures in more detail (muscle, tendon, ligaments).

37
Q

T1 and T2 fluid color?

A 
T1 = black.
T2 = white.
38
Q

Nuclear Med - Bone Scan?

A

A radioactive substance is injected IV, then scans taken at various intervals.

  • It can detect AVN, CA, inflammation (stress Fx), infection.
  • Often the test used to screen for bony mets.
39
Q

PET Scan?

A

Shows metabolic activity; it reveals how the body’s tissues and organs are functioning at the cellular level;

*May detect early onset of a disease.

40
Q

What is a Fracture?

A

A ‘broken bone;’ or disruption of bony cortex that cause swelling, pain, deformity.

41
Q

What is the major complication with an Open Fx?

A

Osteomyelitis

-Staph Aureus is the MC overall cause.

Ortho/Rheumatology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions