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Human Bio > Intro To Microbiology > Flashcards

Intro To Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

Organisms that are Prokaryotes

A

Bacteria

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2
Q

Organisms that are Eukaryotes

A

fungi , algae , Protozoa

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3
Q

Difference between prokaryote & eukaryote cells

A

Prokaryote cells do not have an organised , recognisable nucleus

Prokaryotes are single celled
Eukaryotes are multicellular

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4
Q

How do cells multiply?

A

Binary fission

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5
Q

In the micro-organism name “ Escherichia coli “ , which is the genus name & which is the species name

E.coli

A

Genus = Escherichia
Species = coli

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6
Q

Unit of measure that is used for bacteria

A

Micrometer

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7
Q

Unit of measure used for Viruses

A

Nanometer

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8
Q

Group that requires the most powerful microscope to see them

A

Viruses ( 15-300 nm )

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9
Q

Define microflora

A

Important bacteria that are always present in/on the human body ; help keep the immune system active , prevents disease causing bacteria from developing

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10
Q

Eubacteria “ true bacteria “

A

Cause diseases in humans , single celled organisms

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11
Q

Most distinguishing features of the bacteria are :

A

Prokaryote
DNA is in a single continuous loop
No membrane bound organelles
Divide by binary fission

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12
Q

State one main function for the bacterial structure; Capsule

A

Protects pathogenic bacteria from phagocytosis

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13
Q

State one main function for the bacterial structure; Cell wall

A

Offers protection from environmental factors such as osmotic pressure

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14
Q

State one main function for the bacterial structure; Chromosome

A

Contains all the genetic information for the cells metabolism & reproduction

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15
Q

State one main function for the bacterial structure; Flagellum

A

Helps bacteria to move towards a favourable environment & away from an unfavourable environment

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16
Q

State one main function for the bacterial structure; Endospore

A

Specialised “ resting cells “ Dormant. Not reproductive structures

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17
Q

Characteristics of Diplococci

A

Diplo = two
Cocci = round

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18
Q

Characteristics of staphylococci

A

Staphylo = cluster
Cocci = round

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19
Q

Microorganisms that can cause human infections are called ————

20
Q

Temperature and pH that all bacteria inhabiting the human body are adapted to living at

A

37 degrees Celsius , pH of 7

21
Q

Define opportunists

A

Microbial flora that are potentially harmful

22
Q

Example of a pathogenic bacteria

A

Staphylococcus aureus

23
Q

Example of a opportunistic bacteria

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

24
Q

Difference between superficial bacterial infections & systemic bacterial infections

A

Superficial infections occur on the outer layers of the body ; skin and mucous membranes

Systemic infections affect tissues and organs deep within the body ; blood

25
Define commensalism
Relationship between two species , where one species obtains benefits from the other without harm. ( bird making a nest in a tree )
26
Define probiotic
Live bacteria from a substance that has been stimulated to grow microorganisms
27
Staining method used to identify species
Gram stain test
28
Fungi have prokaryote/eukaryote cells
Eukaryote cells
29
Fungi optimal temperature range for growth
20-35 degrees Celsius
30
pH for fungi growth
5.0 or lower
31
Two forms of fungi
Yeasts , moulds
32
Fungal infections are known as ———
Mycoses ( singular mycosis )
33
Two examples of superficial fungal mycoses
Tinea , Athletes foot
34
An example of systemic fungal mycoses
Histoplasmosis
35
Protozoa are eukaryotes/prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
36
List four protozoan diseases that occur in humans
Malaria, Toxoplasmosis, Amoebic dysentery, Diarrhea
37
Why are viruses acellular microbes
These microbes have no cell structure. Acellular= without a cell
38
Viruses can only replicate with the aid of a host cell True or False
True. Viruses use the enzymes, chemical processes and machinery of the host cell. For this reason, they are known as " obligate intracellular parasites
39
Characteristics of viruses
DNA or RNA are present ( not at the same time) A capsid surrounds the nucleic acid
40
Most common virus shapes
Helical, Polyhedral, Complex
41
5 steps of virus replication
Attachment, entry of virus, Replication of viral nucleic acid, Assembly of new virus particles Release of virus particles from host cell
42
Preventative measures to avoid transmission of viral infections
Vaccination, Sanitation
43
Some bacterial cells contain a separate DNA that is not part of the chromosome. This is known as -----------
A plasmid
44
Heat resistant structure
Endospore
45
A bacteria that can survive and grow in an environment with no oxygen and in temperatures less than 15 degrees C can be described as:
An obligate anerobic psychrophile
46

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