Intro to Microbiology

Question 1

study of microorganisms, or microbes, a diverse group of
generally minute, simple life-forms that include bacteria, archaea,
algae,fungi, protozoa,andviruses.

Answer 1

Microbiology

Question 2

(pre-nucleus): Simple cells
- microscopic, unicellular organisms, lack nuclei and
membrane-bound organelles

Answer 2

Prokaryotes

Question 3

(true nucleus): Complex cells
- unicellular (microscopic) and multicellular, nucleus and
membrane-bound organelles

Answer 3

Eukaryotes

Question 4

Acellular, parasitic particles composed of a nucleic acid and protein

Answer 4

Viruses

Question 5

Light fueled

conversion of carbon dioxide to organic material

Answer 5

Photosynthesis

Question 6

Breakdown of dead
matter and wastes into simple
compounds

Answer 6

Decomposition

Question 7

live on or in the body of another organism

called the host and it damages the host.

Answer 7

Parasites

Question 8

Microbes that do harm, 
cause disease
• Nearly 2,000 different microbes cause 
diseases
• 10 B new infections/year worldwide
• 12 M deaths from infections/year 
worldwide

Answer 8

Pathogens

Question 9

Englishscientist
▪ He observed a thin sliceof cork
using a compound microscope
▪ He called the life’s smallest
structural units were “little boxes”or
“cels”

Answer 9

Robert Hooke(1635-1703)

Question 10

▪ Dutch fabricmerchantant amateur 
scientist
▪ Hewasthe1
st
toobservelive 
microorganisms using simple 
microscope
▪ He calledthese 
microorganismsas 
“animalcules

Answer 10

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)

Question 11

It is a nearly belief that some forms of life could arise from vital forces present in nonliving or decomposing matter

Answer 11

Theory of Spontaneous Generation

Question 12

Refers to the idea that living things can only arise from

other living things

Answer 12

Theory of Biogenesis

Question 13

▪ Opposed the theory of 
spontaneous generation
▪ Made an experiment on 
maggots and decaying
meat

Answer 13

Francesco Redi

Question 14

▪ He claimed that microbes developed spontaneously from the fluids

Answer 14

John Needham

Question 15

He suggested that microorganisms from the air probably entered Needham’s solution after they are boiled.

Answer 15

Lazzaro Spallanzi

Question 16

▪ Disproved spontaneous generation of microorganisms
▪ Developed fermentation and
pasteurization
▪ Demonstrated the Germ Theory of Disease

Answer 16

Louis Pasteur

Question 17

each demonstrated the presence of heat
resistant forms of some microbes.
– heat-resistant bacterial endospores.

Answer 17

John Tyndall and Ferdinand Cohn

Question 18

requires the elimination of all
life forms including endospores and
viruses.

Answer 18

Sterility

Question 19

▪ Introduced aseptic techniques to reduce microbes in medical settings and preventwound
infections
▪ Involved disinfection of hands using chemical prior to surgery
▪ Use of heat for sterilization

Answer 19

Joseph Lister

Question 20

Observed that mothers of home births had more infections than those who gave birth in hospitals

Answer 20

Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes

Question 21

Correlated infections with physicians coming directly from the autopsy room
to the maternity ward

Answer 21

Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis

Question 22

▪ Established Koch’s postulates
▪ Identified cause ofanthrax, 
TB,and cholera
▪ Developed pure
culture methods

Answer 22

Robert Koch

Question 23

Developedthe first vaccine for

smallpox

Answer 23

Edward Jenner

Question 24

He developed the“magic

bullet”

Answer 24

Paul Erhlich

Question 25

Developedthe first

antibiotic -Penicillin

Answer 25

Alexander Fleming

Question 26

organizing, classifying, and naming living

things

Answer 26

Taxonomy

Question 27

orderly arrangement of organisms into groups

Answer 27

Classification

Question 28

assigning names

Answer 28

Nomenclature

Question 29

determining and recording traits of organisms for

placement into taxonomic schemes

Answer 29

Identification

Question 30

natural relatedness between groups of organisms

Answer 30

Phylogeny

Question 31

living things change gradually over long period of time

Answer 31

Evolution

Question 32

use of microorganisms to produce common

food and chemicals

Answer 32

Biotechnology

Question 33

thestudyofhowgeneticinformationis

carried in molecules of DNA and how DNA directs the synthesis of proteins

Answer 33

Molecular Biology

Question 34

the study of relationship between microorganisms and their environment

Answer 34

Microbial ecology

Question 35

treatment of water combining

various physical and chemical processes with the action of beneficial microbes

Answer 35

Sewage treatment using microbes

Question 36

refers to the use of microbes to remove underground wells, chemicals pills, toxic waste sites and oil spills

Answer 36

Bioremediation

Question 37

use ofmicrobes to controlpests as alfalfa caterpillars, bollworms,cornborers,cabbageworms,tobacco budwormsandfruitleaf
rollers

Answer 37

Insect pest control

Question 38

Production of foods,

drugs, and vaccines using living organisms

Answer 38

Biotechnology

Question 39

Manipulating the

genes of organisms to make new products

Answer 39

Genetic engineering

Question 40

Using living organisms to remedy an environmental problem

Answer 40

Bioremediation