Intro to Microbiology Flashcards
study of microorganisms, or microbes, a diverse group of
generally minute, simple life-forms that include bacteria, archaea,
algae,fungi, protozoa,andviruses.
Microbiology
(pre-nucleus): Simple cells
- microscopic, unicellular organisms, lack nuclei and
membrane-bound organelles
Prokaryotes
(true nucleus): Complex cells
- unicellular (microscopic) and multicellular, nucleus and
membrane-bound organelles
Eukaryotes
Acellular, parasitic particles composed of a nucleic acid and protein
Viruses
Light fueled
conversion of carbon dioxide to organic material
Photosynthesis
Breakdown of dead
matter and wastes into simple
compounds
Decomposition
live on or in the body of another organism
called the host and it damages the host.
Parasites
Microbes that do harm, cause disease • Nearly 2,000 different microbes cause diseases • 10 B new infections/year worldwide • 12 M deaths from infections/year worldwide
Pathogens
Englishscientist ▪ He observed a thin sliceof cork using a compound microscope ▪ He called the life’s smallest structural units were “little boxes”or “cels”
Robert Hooke(1635-1703)
▪ Dutch fabricmerchantant amateur scientist ▪ Hewasthe1 st toobservelive microorganisms using simple microscope ▪ He calledthese microorganismsas “animalcules
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)
It is a nearly belief that some forms of life could arise from vital forces present in nonliving or decomposing matter
Theory of Spontaneous Generation
Refers to the idea that living things can only arise from
other living things
Theory of Biogenesis
▪ Opposed the theory of spontaneous generation ▪ Made an experiment on maggots and decaying meat
Francesco Redi
▪ He claimed that microbes developed spontaneously from the fluids
John Needham
He suggested that microorganisms from the air probably entered Needham’s solution after they are boiled.
Lazzaro Spallanzi
▪ Disproved spontaneous generation of microorganisms
▪ Developed fermentation and
pasteurization
▪ Demonstrated the Germ Theory of Disease
Louis Pasteur
each demonstrated the presence of heat
resistant forms of some microbes.
– heat-resistant bacterial endospores.
John Tyndall and Ferdinand Cohn
requires the elimination of all
life forms including endospores and
viruses.
Sterility
▪ Introduced aseptic techniques to reduce microbes in medical settings and preventwound
infections
▪ Involved disinfection of hands using chemical prior to surgery
▪ Use of heat for sterilization
Joseph Lister
Observed that mothers of home births had more infections than those who gave birth in hospitals
Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes
Correlated infections with physicians coming directly from the autopsy room
to the maternity ward
Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis
▪ Established Koch’s postulates ▪ Identified cause ofanthrax, TB,and cholera ▪ Developed pure culture methods
Robert Koch
Developedthe first vaccine for
smallpox
Edward Jenner
He developed the“magic
bullet”
Paul Erhlich
