Intro to Microbio

Question 1

3 determinants of disease

Answer 1

Host
Pathogen
Environment

Question 2

5 factors in determining whether a host is susceptible to an infection

Answer 2

Immunity
Host defenses
Concomitant diseases
Exposure
Medications

Question 3

4 factors in determining whether a pathogen has the ability to cause human disease

Answer 3

Virulence factors
Reservoirs
Transmissibility
Robustness

Question 4

Chain of infection

Answer 4

Susceptible host
Pathogen
Reservoir
Portal of Exit
Mode of transmission
Portal of entry

Question 5

6 major ways pathogens are transmitted to humans

Answer 5

Direct contact
Indirect contact (fomite)
Droplet
Airborne
Vehicle (single contaminated source spreads infection to multiple hosts)
Vector borne

Question 6

5 ways pathogens enter the human body

Answer 6

Mucosal surfaces
Skin
Inhalation
Ingestion
Nosocomial via medical devices

Question 7

5 major classes of organisms that cause disease in humans

Answer 7

Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Parasites
Prions

Question 8

2 most clinically relevant ways of classifying bacteria

Answer 8

Phenotype (morphology, gram stain)
Growth requirements (aerobes, anaerobes)

Question 9

Gram reaction colours

Answer 9

Purple = gram +
Pink = gram -

Question 10

5 targets of antibiotic action

Answer 10

Folate metabolism
Nucleic acid synthesis
Protein synthesis
Cell membrane
Cell wall synthesis

Question 11

3 most common Gram + aerobic cocci

Answer 11

Staph
Strep
Enterococcus

Question 12

2 most common Gram - rods (aerobic/facultative anaerobe)

Answer 12

Enterobacteriaceae

Pseudomonas

Question 13

Fungi can be split into… (2)

Answer 13

Yeast

Mould

Question 14

2 most common yeast

Answer 14

Candida (oval shaped)

Cryptococcus (big circles in CSF)

Question 15

Most common mould

Answer 15

Aspergillus