Intro to Metabolism (3)

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

Sum total of all biochemical reactions that take place in an organism. / Sum of all energy reactions that occur in an organism.

Question 2

Anabolic processes

Answer 2

Synthetic/Constructive biochemical reactions/build

Question 3

Catabolic processes

Answer 3

degrative biochemical reactions/ breakdown

Question 4

Catalysis

Answer 4

reaction aided by an enzyme to make it go faster

Question 5

Molecules have ____ energy in their bonds

Answer 5

potential

Question 6

Heat and light are a form of ___ energy because of the movement of molecules and photons

Answer 6

kinetic

Question 7

1st law of thermodynamis:

Answer 7

total energy of the universe is constant

Question 8

2nd law of thermodynamics:

Answer 8

energy can be transferred, but not destroyed, which leads to increased entropy

Question 9

Exergonic reactions:

Answer 9

release of free energy (-∆G) / releases energy

Question 10

Endergonic reactions:

Answer 10

use up energy / absorption of free energy (-∆G)

Question 11

Spontaneous reactions are favored by: (4 factors)

Answer 11

1. Decrease in enthalpy (-∆H)
2. Increase in entropy (+∆S)
3. Decrease in free energy (-∆G) and
4. Increase in temperature (T)

Question 12

Respiration causes free energy ___ (increase/decrease)

Answer 12

decrease

Question 13

Photosynthesis causes free energy ____ (increase/decrease)

Answer 13

increase

Question 14

Respiration is ____ (exergonic/endergonic)

Answer 14

exergonic

Question 15

Photosynthesis is ____ (exergonic/endergonic)

Answer 15

endergonic

Question 16

Respiration is ____ (endothermic/exothermic)

Answer 16

exothermic

Question 17

Photosynthesis is ____ (endothermic/exothermic)

Answer 17

endothermic

Question 18

Respiration is ____ (anabolic/catabolic)

Answer 18

anabolic

Question 19

Photosynthesis is ____ (anabolic/catabolic)

Answer 19

catabolic

Question 20

ATP hydrolysis is ____ (endergonic/exergonic)

Answer 20

exergonic

Question 21

Phosphorylation

Answer 21

Adding a OPO₃⁻ group to a molecule or protein

Question 22

Kinases

Answer 22

Name of enzymes catalyzing phosphorylation reactions

Question 23

ATP synthesis is an (exergonic/endergonic) process

Answer 23

endergonic

Question 24

ATP synthesis occurs in the ___, ___, and ___

Answer 24

cytoplasm, mitochondria, chloroplast

Question 25

Functional groups on the side chains of enzymes that lower free energy of activation of reactions are ____ (four)

Answer 25

-SH, -OH, -NH₂, -COO⁻

Question 26

Active site

Answer 26

site where enzyme and its substrate interact

Question 27

Factors that can affect enzyme activity ___, ___, ___, and ___

Answer 27

temperature, pH, salt, substrate concentration

Question 28

Vₘₐₓ achieved when

Answer 28

all enzyme active sites are filled with substrate

Question 29

Kₘ is the ___ (short def)

Answer 29

rate of reaction

Question 30

Kₘ is affected by

Answer 30

substrate concentration, pH, temperature, and ionic strength

Question 31

Kₘ ___ (long def)

Answer 31

indicates the substrate concentration at which half the enzyme active sites are filled with substrates

Question 32

Competitive Inhibitors effect on Vmax and Km is ____.

Answer 32

Vmax remains unchanged, Km is increased

Question 33

Non-competitive Inhibitors effect on Vmax and Km is ____.

Answer 33

Vmax decreases, Km stays the same

Question 34

catalytic subunits

Answer 34

binding to the substrate

Question 35

regulatory subunits

Answer 35

binding to activator or inhibitor

Question 36

Cooperativity

Answer 36

the binding of the activator that result in cooperative/positive/benefitial changes to the 3-D shape of the entire enzyme