Intro to lipids -Popov

Question 1

All biological lipids are? (2 things)

Answer 1

Hydrophobic and amphipathic

Question 2

Classes of lipids

Answer 2

FA
Triacylglycerols 
Glycerophospholipids 
Sphingolipids
Waxes
Isoprenoids

Question 3

Common saturated fatty acids

Answer 3

Lauric acid-12
Myristic -14
Palmitic -16
Stearic-18
Arachidic-20

Question 4

Common unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 4

Arachidonic -20:4
Linoleic 20:3
alpha linolenic -18:3
Linoleic 18:2
oleic 18:1
palmitoleic acid 16:1

Question 5

Essential fatty acids

Answer 5

Linoleic and alpha linolenic

Question 6

Double bonds in an AA are never..

Answer 6

conjugated, they are always separated by a methyl group

Question 7

Heart uses a lot of fatty acids in the form of

Answer 7

lipoproteins

Question 8

Derives from 20 Carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids

Answer 8

arachidonic acid

Question 9

There classes of eiconsonoids

Answer 9

Prostaglandins , thromboxane, leukotrienes

Question 10

Eisonsanoids are involved in

Answer 10

repro
clotting 
blood pressure
gastric acid secretion 
wake sleep cycle 
cause inflammation 
contraction of muscle lining to the lung

Question 11

Characteristics of triacylglycerols

Answer 11

most reduced form of carbon in nature
no need for solvation
efficient packing

Question 12

Advantages of triacylglycerols

Answer 12

Insulation
Metabolic Water
Energy without nitrogen

Question 13

Glycerolphospholipids are

Answer 13

essential components of the plasma membrane

Question 14

Parent compound for glycerophospholipids

Answer 14

phosphatidic acid

Question 15

Phosphatidic acid consists of

Answer 15

glycerol 3 phosphate, with fatty acids esterified at the 1 and 2 positions.

Question 16

A variety of polar groups are esterified to the —moiety of phosphatidic acid .

Answer 16

phosphoric acid

Question 17

If a phospholipid contains unsaturation, it is at the ?

Answer 17

2 position

Question 18

Phospholipase in rattlesnake venom

Answer 18

A2-

catalyses the hydrolysis of fatty acids at the C2 position of glycerolphospholipids. T

The product of this rxn is lysolecthin which acts as a detergent to dissolve membranes.

Question 19

Ether glycerophospholipids have an

Answer 19

Alcohol at C1 which gives an ether linkage instead of an acyl group at C-1 position of glycerol.

Question 20

Example of glycerol-phospholipids

Answer 20

Plasmalogens

Question 21

PAF -Platelet activating factor is what?

Answer 21

Ether Glycerophospholipids

Question 22

PAF is produced by

Answer 22

leukotrienes

Question 23

PAF does what

Answer 23

released from leukocytes to stimulate platelet aggregation and release of serotonin (a vasoconstrictor ) from platelets.

Question 24

Sphingosine is an

Answer 24

18-C amino alcohol

Question 25

Ceramides are

Answer 25

amide linkages of fatty acids to the nitrogen of sphingosine at C2

Question 26

Sphonglomyelins

Answer 26

phosphorous containing subclass of sphingolipids

Question 27

example of sphingomyelin

Answer 27

Phosphocholine

Question 28

Glycosphingolipids are

Answer 28

ceramides with one or more sugars in beta glycosidic linkage at the 1 hydroxyl group.

Question 29

Glycosphingolipids with one sugar are --- and with two sugars are?

Answer 29

1. Sugar- cerebrosides | 2. Globosides-two or more sugars

Question 30

Gangliosides

Answer 30

ceramides with 3 or more sugars , one of which is sialic acid

Question 31

What is a wax?

Answer 31

Esters of long chain alcohols with long chain fatty acids

Question 32

Oleoyl Acid is a

Answer 32

Wax

Question 33

Characteristics of mono , di, and triterpenes

Answer 33

Mono- menthol Di-Retinal Tri-Lycopene

Question 34

Dolichol Phosphate

Answer 34

initiation point for the synthesis of carbohydrate polymers in animals.

Question 35

Undecaprenol

Answer 35

aka- bactoprenol delivers sugars from the cytoplasm for the synthesis of cell wall components such as peptidoglycan , lipopolysaccharides , and glycoproteins.

Question 36

Polyprenyl compounds

Answer 36

also serve as the side chains of vitamin K, and Vit E

Question 37

Retinoic Acid regulates

Answer 37

gene expression in the development of epithelial tissues. It acts as a TF.

Question 38

Retinal ...

Answer 38

Pigment that imitates the response of rod and cone cells of the retina to light

Question 39

Vit D3 is not itself biologically active , but converted in the liver and kidney to

Answer 39

1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol This hormone regulates calcium uptake in the intestines and calcium levels in the kidney and bone .

Question 40

Main symptom of Vit E deficiency

Answer 40

fragile erythrocytes

Question 41

The aromatic ring of Vit K undergoes a cycle of redox reactions during the formation of active prothrombin , which is a blood plasma proteolytic protein essential for blood clotting. How does it work?

Answer 41

Splits peptide bonds in the blood protein fibrinogen to convert it to fibrin. Fibrin is insoluble fibrous protein the holds the blood clot together.

Question 42

Taget for Vit K

Answer 42

Vitamin K epoxide reductase This keeps oxidized vit K from getting back to its reduced form.