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Block 1 test 2 > Intro to lipids -Popov > Flashcards

Intro to lipids -Popov Flashcards

1
Q

All biological lipids are? (2 things)

A

Hydrophobic and amphipathic

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2
Q

Classes of lipids

A 
FA
Triacylglycerols 
Glycerophospholipids 
Sphingolipids
Waxes
Isoprenoids
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3
Q

Common saturated fatty acids

A 
Lauric acid-12
Myristic -14
Palmitic -16
Stearic-18
Arachidic-20
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4
Q

Common unsaturated fatty acids

A 
Arachidonic -20:4
Linoleic 20:3
alpha linolenic -18:3
Linoleic 18:2
oleic 18:1
palmitoleic acid 16:1
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5
Q

Essential fatty acids

A

Linoleic and alpha linolenic

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6
Q

Double bonds in an AA are never..

A

conjugated, they are always separated by a methyl group

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7
Q

Heart uses a lot of fatty acids in the form of

A

lipoproteins

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8
Q

Derives from 20 Carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids

A

arachidonic acid

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9
Q

There classes of eiconsonoids

A

Prostaglandins , thromboxane, leukotrienes

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10
Q

Eisonsanoids are involved in

A 
repro
clotting 
blood pressure
gastric acid secretion 
wake sleep cycle 
cause inflammation 
contraction of muscle lining to the lung
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11
Q

Characteristics of triacylglycerols

A

most reduced form of carbon in nature
no need for solvation
efficient packing

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12
Q

Advantages of triacylglycerols

A

Insulation
Metabolic Water
Energy without nitrogen

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13
Q

Glycerolphospholipids are

A

essential components of the plasma membrane

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14
Q

Parent compound for glycerophospholipids

A

phosphatidic acid

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15
Q

Phosphatidic acid consists of

A

glycerol 3 phosphate, with fatty acids esterified at the 1 and 2 positions.

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16
Q

A variety of polar groups are esterified to the —moiety of phosphatidic acid .

A

phosphoric acid

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17
Q

If a phospholipid contains unsaturation, it is at the ?

A

2 position

18
Q

Phospholipase in rattlesnake venom

A

A2-

catalyses the hydrolysis of fatty acids at the C2 position of glycerolphospholipids. T

The product of this rxn is lysolecthin which acts as a detergent to dissolve membranes.

19
Q

Ether glycerophospholipids have an

A

Alcohol at C1 which gives an ether linkage instead of an acyl group at C-1 position of glycerol.

20
Q

Example of glycerol-phospholipids

A

Plasmalogens

21
Q

PAF -Platelet activating factor is what?

A

Ether Glycerophospholipids

22
Q

PAF is produced by

A

leukotrienes

23
Q

PAF does what

A

released from leukocytes to stimulate platelet aggregation and release of serotonin (a vasoconstrictor ) from platelets.

24
Q

Sphingosine is an

A

18-C amino alcohol

25
Q

Ceramides are

A

amide linkages of fatty acids to the nitrogen of sphingosine at C2

26
Q

Sphonglomyelins

A

phosphorous containing subclass of sphingolipids

27
Q

example of sphingomyelin

A

Phosphocholine

28
Q

Glycosphingolipids are

A

ceramides with one or more sugars in beta glycosidic linkage at the 1 hydroxyl group.

29
Q

Glycosphingolipids with one sugar are — and with two sugars are?

A
  1. Sugar- cerebrosides

2. Globosides-two or more sugars

30
Q

Gangliosides

A

ceramides with 3 or more sugars , one of which is sialic acid

31
Q

What is a wax?

A

Esters of long chain alcohols with long chain fatty acids

32
Q

Oleoyl Acid is a

33
Q

Characteristics of mono , di, and triterpenes

A

Mono- menthol
Di-Retinal
Tri-Lycopene

34
Q

Dolichol Phosphate

A

initiation point for the synthesis of carbohydrate polymers in animals.

35
Q

Undecaprenol

A

aka- bactoprenol

delivers sugars from the cytoplasm for the synthesis of cell wall components such as peptidoglycan , lipopolysaccharides , and glycoproteins.

36
Q

Polyprenyl compounds

A

also serve as the side chains of vitamin K, and Vit E

37
Q

Retinoic Acid regulates

A

gene expression in the development of epithelial tissues. It acts as a TF.

38
Q

Retinal …

A

Pigment that imitates the response of rod and cone cells of the retina to light

39
Q

Vit D3 is not itself biologically active , but converted in the liver and kidney to

A

1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol

This hormone regulates calcium uptake in the intestines and calcium levels in the kidney and bone .

40
Q

Main symptom of Vit E deficiency

A

fragile erythrocytes

41
Q

The aromatic ring of Vit K undergoes a cycle of redox reactions during the formation of active prothrombin , which is a blood plasma proteolytic protein essential for blood clotting. How does it work?

A

Splits peptide bonds in the blood protein fibrinogen to convert it to fibrin. Fibrin is insoluble fibrous protein the holds the blood clot together.

42
Q

Taget for Vit K

A

Vitamin K epoxide reductase

This keeps oxidized vit K from getting back to its reduced form.

Block 1 test 2 (9 decks)

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