Intro to Leukemias Flashcards
1
Q
Leukemia
A
Progressive, malignant disease of hematopoietic system
- unregulated proliferation (usually) 1 cell line
- abn cells originate in bone marrow then to pB
- leukemias are grouped by cell lineage & maturity of affected cells (acute/chronic)
- cause unknown
- systemic in nature, tx’t are systemic as well.
2
Q
Acute Leukemia
A
- cell # increase of immature cells
- sudden onset
- Leukemic hiatus
- short, aggressive dz pattern
- lots of infections & hemorrhaging
- FAB defines >30% blasts in bone marrow
- WHO defines > 20% blasts in bone marrow
3
Q
Chronic Leukemia
A
- all stages of maturation seen, predominantly mature cells
- insidious(gradual w/ harmful effects) onset
- lengthier, less aggressive dz pattern (lots of organ infiltration & massive leukocytosis).
- FAB defines < 30% blasts in B.M.
- WHO defines < 20 % blasts in B.M.
- Chronic sometimes turns into acute! “ blast crisis”
4
Q
FAB
A
French American British system
5
Q
What are the four methodologies used for ID & Classifying leukemias?
A
1a- morph of B.M.
1b- morph of p.B. Smears
2.- cytochemical stains
3- immunophenotyping
4. Cytogenetic & molecular analyses
6
Q
Oncogenes
A
Genes that cause cancer mutations
7
Q
Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase (LAP)
A
An enzyme found in secondary granules of neutrophils
