Intro to Infection

Question 1

Define Infection

Answer 1

the invasion of an organisms body tissue by a disease causing agent

Question 2

Define Pathogen

Answer 2

a bacteria, virus or micro-organism which can cause disease or illness to a host

Question 3

What do professional pathogens do…..

Answer 3

Almost always cause disease

Question 4

Define commensal

Answer 4

a relationship where one organism derives nutrients/beenfits from another organism - without damaging it

Question 5

Define colonisation

Answer 5

when a bacteria grows on a body site exposed to the environment without causing any infection

Question 6

Define opportunistic pathogens

Answer 6

only causes disease in immunosuppressed patients (Can act as a commensal)

Question 7

What is our innate immunity comprised of?

Answer 7

Our natural physical barriers such as our skin

Question 8

What is our adaptive response?

Answer 8

our humeral or cellular reponse

Question 9

List 3 Healthcare associated infections?

Answer 9

Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Enterococcus species (VRE)
Clostridium difficle

Question 10

What does nosocomial mean?

Answer 10

hospital acquired

Question 11

Antibiotic resistance surrounds which type of bacteria atm?

Answer 11

gram negative

eg. enterobacteriaceae

Question 12

What is the name for the pathogen which cause the plague?

Answer 12

Yersinia Pestis

Question 13

What is the name for the tuberculosis bacteria?

Answer 13

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 14

What is the name for the anthrax bacteria?

Answer 14

Bacillus anthracis

Question 15

What were Koch’s postulates’?

Answer 15

1) A specific MO is always associated with a disease
2) The MO can be isolated from the diseased person and grown in pure culture in a lab
3) The cultured microbe will cause disease when transferred to a healthy animal
4) The same type of MO can be isolated from the newly infected animal

Question 16

Is bacteria a prokaryote or eukaryote?

Answer 16

Prokaryote

Question 17

How do bacteria divide?

Answer 17

Binary fission

Question 18

Can bacteria be mobile?

Answer 18

Yes, using flagella

Question 19

How are mycoplasma and chlamydiae different from other bacteria ?

Answer 19

They don’t have a cell walls - live inside our cells

Question 20

What bacteria causes syphillis?

Answer 20

Treponema pallidum

Question 21

Describe the structure of a Virus

Answer 21

particles of DNA/RNA wrapped in a protein coat and a lipid capsuale

Question 22

Are Virus’ living cells?

Answer 22

No, and therefore they can’t replicate themselves

Question 23

What do Virus’ use as a host?

Answer 23

All living cells including bacteria

Question 24

Do Virus’ have a cell wall?

Answer 24

No

Question 25

Are Fungi Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic?

Answer 25

Eukaryotic

Question 26

What are the yeast species Fungi called?

Answer 26

Candida species

Question 27

What are the 2 features of a yeast?

Answer 27

Unicellular

Reproduce by budding

Question 28

What are the mould species Fungi called?

Answer 28

Aspergillus species

Question 29

What are the two features of mould Fungi?

Answer 29

multi cellular

reproduce by spores

Question 30

What are protozoa?

Answer 30

single celled parasites

Question 31

What two things do protozoa cause?

Answer 31

Major tropical disease and zoonotic diseases

Question 32

What are helminths?

Answer 32

Single celled eukaryotic parasites