Intro to Immunology Flashcards
Who was Edward Jenner?
First immunologist
* disovered vaccines by experimenting with small pox
The first vaccine proved ______ and demonstrated consequences of ______ epitopes
memory
shared
Shared epitope
antigenic determinant - most pox viruses were detected similarly by the immune system. But showed different pathogenetics
Different pathogenesis in different hosts because:
evolved to infect a broader range of hosts - don’t want to damage the only host
Since vaccines the number of occurrences have greatly decreased - diphtheria, measles, mumps….
use of preservatives in the vaccines were thought to cause autism but have been disproven – need to educate
Who dictates the immune response?
Cells and cell products
What lines arise from the hematopoietic stem cell?
Lymphoid
Myloid
Erythroid/Megakaryocyte
What is innate immunity?
most basic form in the immune response * myeloid cell line (granulocytes) * Natural Killer cell Inflammation -- Mast Cell, Eosinophil, Basophil (tissues) Complement Epithelial barriers
Natural killer cell
arises from lymphoid line
antiviral response
protect against mutogenesis
What is adaptive immunity
Lymphoid cell line
* B and T cell
B cells –> Plasma Cells (produce antibodies)
* NOT natural killer cell
What is the main target of a neutrophil?
BACTERIAL INFECTION
B and T cells are normally ________
Dormant
* only activated when presented with antigen (adaptive immunity)
What is an antigen presenting cell?
Macrophage
Dendritic Cell
** contain TOLL RECEPTORS - recognize LPS or peptidoglycan layer. Engulf antigen.
Where are lymphocytes found?
Primarily in lymphoid tissues
Primary Lymphoid Tissues
Bone Marrow
- Stem Cells
- B cell maturation
Thymus
- T cell devlopment and maturation
- T cells enter thymus via chemokinesis
Secondary Lymphoid Tissue
Spleen Lymph Nodes Adenoids Tonsils Appendix GI tract (peyers patches)
Lymph Node
MAJOR SITE of lymphocyte activation
- afferent lymphatic vessel - brings lymph in
- efferent lymphatic vessel - takes lymph out
- Lymphoid follicle:
* Mostly B cells (outer region)
* T cells (inner) - Germinal Center - where lymphocytes interact (antibody production)
Lymph node antigen activation
Naive T cell enters lymph node via High Endothelial Venule
Can move from lymph node to lymph node
When comes in contact with APC becomes Active T Cell
Enters back into blood stream via thoracic duct leave blood vessel into tissues to target infection
Lymphocyte Recirculation
Lymphocytes move from lymph node to the next
Spleen
White Pulp - lymphocytes
Red Pulp - RBC, blood filtration
Germinal Centers
White pulp
B cell zone T cell zone PALS Central artery Germinal Center
Marginal zone
Found between red pulp and white pulp
Contains specialized marcophages - will move antigens from red pulp to white pulp (germinal center)
Spleen Open Circulation
Filtrations through pulp reticulum
Spleen closed circulation
Blood goes directly to sinuses
