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Blood Bank > Intro to Immunohematology > Flashcards

Intro to Immunohematology Flashcards

1
Q

to ensure that blood for transfusion is properly collected, preserved, stored, and dispensed for later use in blodtransfusion

A

blood banking

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2
Q

concerned with the transfusion of blood and blood components in the treatment or prevention of disease.

A

transfusion medicine

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3
Q

first person to advocate transfusion, though he didnt attempt to do it

A

Andreas Libavius (1615)

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4
Q

envisioned the heart as a pump

A

Erasistratos

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5
Q

Coined the term “circulation”

A

Andrea Cesalpino

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6
Q

He is credited with the discovery of circulation in 1616

A

William Harvey

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7
Q

He performed the first authentic blood transfusion (animal to animal)

A

Richard Lower

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8
Q

He performed lamb blood transfusion to the carotid artery of a woman (animal to human)

A

Jean Baptiste Denis and Emmerez

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9
Q

Attempted human-to-human blood transfusion

A

James Blundell

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10
Q

Father of Modern Blood Banking, discovered ABO blood group system in 1901

A

Karl Landsteiner

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11
Q

They described AB blood group in 1902

A

Sturli and DeCastello

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12
Q

They described Rh typing

A

Landsteiner and Weiner

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13
Q

Applied concept of compatibility testing in an actual transfusion

A

Ottenberg and Schultz

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14
Q

He suggested that blood groups be made the basis for selection of donors for blood transfusion in 1911

A

Hektoen

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15
Q

Described antiglobulin testing in 1945

A

Coombs

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16
Q

He first carried out vein-to-vein transfusion of blood using multiple syringes

A

Edward E. Lindemann

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17
Q

He designed syringe-valve apparatus

A

Unger

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18
Q

He proposed defibrination in 1835

A

Bischoff

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19
Q

Recommended usage of sodium phosphate

A

Braxton Hicks

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20
Q

Reported the use of sodium citrate as an anticoagulant

A

Hustin

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21
Q

Determined the minimum amount of sodium citrate needed

A

Lewisohn

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22
Q

They introduced citrate-dextrose solution

A

Rous and Turner

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23
Q

Introduced ACD as a preservative in 1943

A

Loutit and Mollison

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24
Q

He supplanted ACD with CPD in 1957, CPD with adenine in 1965, and CPD-A1 in 1980s

A

Gibson

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25
Q

First blood bank facility in 1932

A

Leningrad Russia Hospital

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26
Q

Introduced usage of plastic blood bags

A

Walter and Murphhy

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27
Q

This revolutionized treatment of Hemophilia A

A

Component therapy

28
Q

This changed the donor pool from a paid group to an mandated voluntary donation system

A

RA 7719

29
Q

3 areas of RBC biology crucial for normal RBC survival and function

A
  1. normal chemical composition and structure of rbc membrane
  2. hemoglobin structure and function
  3. rbc metabolism
30
Q

semi-permeable lipid bilayer of rbc

A

rbc membrane

31
Q

extends from outer surface and span the inner cytoplasmic side of rbc

A

integral membrane proteins

32
Q

located to the cytoplasmic surface of membrane, forms rbc cytoskeleton

A

peripheral proteins

33
Q

to remain viable, normal RBCs should remain flexible

A

deformability

34
Q

this, together with active rbc cation transport prevent colloid hemolysis and controls rbc volume

A

permeability

35
Q

primary function of hemoglobin

A

O2 delivery to tissues and CO2 excretion

36
Q

Most important controls of hemoglobin’s affinity to oxygen

A

2,3-DPG

37
Q

normal shape of oxygen dissociation curve

A

sigmoid

38
Q

shift to the left of curve indicators

A

increased: hb affinity to O2 & pH
decreased: delivery of O2 to tissues, 2,3-DPG, CO2 and temp

39
Q

shift to the right of curve indicators

A

increased: delivery of O2 to tissues, 2,3-DPG, CO2 and temp
decreased: hb affinity to O2 & pH

40
Q

anaerobic glycolytic pathway, produces 2 ATP, 2 pyruvate, NADH

A

emben-meyerhof pathway

41
Q

ancillary pathways

A

pentose phosphate pathway
methemoglobin reductase pathway
leubering-rapoport shunt

42
Q

RBC storage lesion characteristics and changes (increases)

A

lactic acid, K+, hemoglobin

43
Q

RBC storage lesion characteristics and changes (decreases)

A

viable cells, glucose, atp, pH, 2,3-DPG, shift to the left

44
Q

storage time in days of CPDA-1

A

35 days

45
Q

strorage time in days of ACD-A, CPD, CP2D

A

21 days

46
Q

storage temp of ACD-A, CPD, CP2D and CPDA-1

A

1-6 degrees C

47
Q

if seal of pRBC and whole blood is broken, shelf-life is reduced to

A

24 hours

48
Q

if heparin is used as anticoagulant, blood is stored for a maximum of

A

2 days

49
Q

these are added to pRBCs after removal of the plasma with or without platelets

A

additive solutions

50
Q

how much additive solution is added to pRBC

A

150mL

51
Q

additive solutions consist of

A

saline, adenine, glucose

52
Q

these types of additive solution contain mannitol

A

AS-1 and AS-5

53
Q

AS-3 consists of

A

citrate and phosphate

54
Q

storage time in days of adsol, nutricel, and optisol

A

42 days

55
Q

primarily used for autologous units and storage of rare blood type

A

frozen rbcs

56
Q

most commonly used for rbc freezing

A

high glycerol @ -65c to -80C

57
Q

frozen rbcs may be stored up to

A

10 years (naol nagtatagal)

58
Q

deglycerolization uses what solution

A

hypertonic solution followed by isotonic solution

59
Q

types and components of deglycerlization

A

high glycerol : 12% nacl > 1.6% nacl > 0.9% nacl
low glycerol : 45% nacl > 15% mannitol > 0.9% nacl
agglomeration : 50% glucose and 5% fructose > 0.9% nacl

60
Q

rejuvenation is addition of ____ to regenerate ATP and 2,3-DPG

A

pyruvate, inosine, glucose, phosphate, adenosine

61
Q

RBCs are incubated at ___ for ____ using ____ rejuvenating solution

A

37C, 1-4hrs, 50mL

62
Q

identical inherited alleles

A

homozygous

63
Q

different inherited genes

A

heterozygous

64
Q

dominant phenotype in people who have one copy of allele

A

dominant allele

65
Q

recessive phenotype, individuals have two copies

A

recessive allele

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