Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology/Immunology > Intro to Immuno > Flashcards

Intro to Immuno Flashcards

1
Q

innate immunity

A
  • rapid response-hours
  • fixed
  • limited number of specificities
  • constant during response
  • common effector mechanisms for the destruction of pathogens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

adaptive immunity

A
  • slow response-days to weeks
  • variable
  • numerous highly selective specificities
  • improve during response
  • common effector mechanisms for the destruction of pathogens
  • can get by with lacking adaptive only;need innate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

innate immunity 2

A
  • barriers-skin
  • phagocytes
  • complement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

phagocytosis

A

-engulfing in membrane bound compartments and degrading

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

opsonin

A

-increases the phagocytosis of an object by binding to the object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

complement

A
  • group of serum proteins involved in innate and adaptive immunity
  • important in inflammation
  • important in clearing many bacteria
  • can recognize certain types of microorganisms directly or bind to and recognize bound antibody molecules
  • can result in lysis of target cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

adaptive immunity 2

A
  • antibodies
  • t cell recognition
  • cell mediated activation of innate immune system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

antibody

A
  • serum proteins that result from specific immune responses
  • high affinity binding sites for antigens at one end
  • Fc regions at other end, which are sites for effector cells or proteins to bind
  • Fc receptors are on immune cells
  • antibody is a flexible specific adapter between the target and effector
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

antigen

A
  • antibody generator
  • molecule recognized by an antibody or a t cell receptor
  • see picture for all the interactions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

CD3

A

-mature t cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

CD4

A

T-helper/regulatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

CD8

A

T cytotoxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CD28

A

recognition of presenting cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

CD 40

A

co stimulatory molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

CD 40 L

A

ligand for CD 40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CD 25

A

IL 2 receptor (high affinity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Neutrophils

A
  • most abundant
  • end cell of myeloid differentiation and doesn’t divide
  • circulate for only 12 hrs
  • during IF enter tissue and complete life cycle
  • contain granules:primary or azurophilic and secondary or specific granules ***
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

eosinophils

A
  • removed from circulation very fast-half life of 30 min- up to 12 days in tissue
  • eospinophilic basic protein-parasitic worms
  • EC mechanisms
  • granulocyte with basophil
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

monocytes

A

-mononuclear
-derived from bone marrow
-when enter tissue due to IF-become better effectors
-may exist in tissues without IF
-intracellular (bacteria, yeast, parasites)
and extracelluar killing (virally infected cells, larger parasites, and tumor cells in vitro)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

liver

A

kupffer cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

skin

A

histiocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

CT

A

histiocyte

23
Q

brain

A

microglial cell

24
Q

bone

A

osteoclasts

25
joints
synovial type a cells
26
lungs
alveolar macrophages
27
b lymphocytes
- small lymphocyte that expresses immunoglobulin on its surface - produces antibody
28
t lymphoctyes
-critical in regulating immune responses as well as the effector function of killing infected cells
29
cytotoxic t cells
- CD8 cell surface marker - recognition of target cells is mediated via specific receptors and is called antigen specific - restricted to killing cells that have self antigen in addition to foreign antigen - mainly gets infected and tumor cells (virally) - protozoan parasites
30
natural killers
- large granular lymphocytes | - kill tumor cells and some virally infected cells without apparent specificity
31
cytokines
-general term that refers to proteins that will alter the response of the immune system
32
interferons
- primarily known for the antiviral activity these have been shown to have tumoricidal effects - stimulate macrophages, T cells, B cells and NK cells
33
alpha and beta interferons
-sometimes called type I are synthesized by macrophages, fibroblasts, and many other cell types (t cells?)
34
gamma interferon
- IFN gamma is produced by t cells that are stimulated | - shown to stimulate macrophages and lead to the differentiation of t cells and b cells
35
IL1
made primarily by macrophages but can be made to a lesser extent by many different cell types -stimulates t, b cells, liver cells, bone cells, synovial cells, brain cells and muscle cells`
36
IL2
produced by t cells t cell GF may stim b cells and macrophages
37
IL3
colony stimulating factor CSF | -causes production of many different types of cells
38
IL4
B cell GF BSF1 and BCGF1 -t cell stim of b lymphocytes
39
IL5
b cell GF, differentiation factor, and eosinophil GF
40
IL6
profound effects on b cells -principal mediator of the acute phase response of inflammation BSF2, IFN beta 2, hybridoma stim factor
41
IL10
stim induction of TH2-cytokines and may suppress TH1 cytokines
42
IL12
TH1 responses
43
IL17
involved in inflammation
44
IL7-35
- may be as important or perhaps more important than 1-6 | - very important
45
colony stimulating factors
- induce growth of bone marrow derived cells both in vivo and in vitro - stim differentiation and cellula function - help patients grow more leukocytes
46
CSF1
macrophage colony formation
47
GM-CSF
- growth of granulocyte and macrophage colonies | - macrophage activator
48
G-CSF
- granulocyte colonies | - help pts recover leukocytes after radiation and chemo
49
multi CSF
-growth of many different myeloid cells IL3
50
TNF alpa/beta
- involved in immunity to tumors and microorganisms - named for tumor necrosing power in animals-destruction of blood supply - potent IF effects - alpha and beta bind to same receptors-identical effects
51
TNF alpha
- primary mediator of septic shock in humans-vascular damage and fever - product of activated macrophages as well as vascular smooth muscles cells and some T cells - antibodies to this used in clinic to reduce IF
52
TNF beta
- lymphotoxin | - product of t cells
53
TH1 and 2 cytokines
- helper t cell clones identified that produce limited group of lymphokines - helper t cells exist as defined subpops with specific functions - one population may activate b cells via IL4,5,6 while other may activate mediated immunity by producing IL 2, TNF beta and IFN gamma
54
consequences of TH1 and 2
- significant - TH2 to intracellular pathogen would be ineffective - TH1 to wrong pathogen-tissue damage - TH2 produces IL10 and suppresses TH1 - IL12 promotes TH1

Microbiology/Immunology (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions