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Immuno mikro eng > Intro to Immune System / Antibody Structure > Flashcards

Intro to Immune System / Antibody Structure Flashcards

1
Q

How do the innate and acquired immune system communicate?

A

Cytokines

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2
Q

What are the three unique features of the adaptive immune system vs innate immune system?

A
  1. Recognition of self vs nonself
  2. Specificity for a particular stimulus
  3. Learning / memory with repeat exposure
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3
Q

What activates B cells, and what does ‘B’ stand for?

A

T-cells (cell-mediated immunity). B stands for ‘Bursa’, as in the Bursa of fabricius

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4
Q

What cell type causes tissue rejection, delayed hypersensitivity, and graft vs host reaction?

A

T-cell mediated immunity (Effector cells)

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5
Q

What cell type causes agglutination, toxin neutralization, and immediate hypersensitivity?

A

B-cell mediated immunity

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6
Q

What is the function of the thymus?

A

act on bone marrow stem cells to produce immunologically competent T cells from lymphoid precursors

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7
Q

Where do B cells mature before and after birth?

A

Before birth - fetal liver

After birth - ‘B’one marrow

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8
Q

What is a primary vs secondary lymphoid follicle?

A

Primary - Only inactive B cells

Secondary - Expanded, with germinal center exposed to antigen, and mantle zone of immature B cells.

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9
Q

Where is the red pulp of the spleen?

A

in the medulla.

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10
Q

What are the cell zones of the spleen around the central artery?

A

PALS - T cells
Mantle layer / germinal center - B cells
Marginal zone - macrophages

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11
Q

What are the two major cell lines derived from the pluripotent stem cell?

A
  1. Lymphoid

2. Myeloid

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12
Q

What cell types does the lymphoid line give rise to?

A
  1. T cell
  2. B cell
  3. NK cell (From T - cell precursor)
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13
Q

What cell types does the myeloid line give rise to?

A
  1. Megakaryocyte
  2. Erythroblast
  3. Neurophil
  4. Basophil
  5. Eosinophil
  6. Monocytes
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14
Q

What do monocytes become in the periphery? which ones are APCs?

A
  1. Macrophage
  2. Dendritic cells
  3. Mast cells

1&2 are APCs

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15
Q

What is a plasma cell?

A

A B-lymphocyte which has matured to secrete antibodies

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16
Q

What two CD markers are present on all T cells, and which is associated with T cell receptor?

A
  1. CD3 - associated with T cell receptor

2. CD2

17
Q

What is the function of TCR?

A

Present on all T cells, it is a heterodimer which is antigen-specific receptor

18
Q

What is MHC 1 vs MHC 2?

A

1 - present on all classes
2 - present on some activated cells of immune system, including T cells and B cells which are regulated by T helper cells.

19
Q

What is the antigen-specific receptor of B cells?

A

membrane immunoglobulin

20
Q

What is FcR?

A

The receptor of Fc region for IgG

21
Q

What is an antigen?

A

Any substance that stimulates an immune response

22
Q

What cell products are the best and poorest antigens?

A

Best - polysaccharides, as in glucose / glucuronic acid

Poor - Nucleic acids

23
Q

What is a super antigen?

A

Something that is a mitogen, causes T cells to divide. Causes Cytokine storm and toxic shock syndrome

24
Q

Is CMI or antibody immunity more recent evolutionarily?

A

Antibody immunity

25
Q

What type of immunoglobulin is made in the fetus?

A

IgM

26
Q

What type of Ig is passed transplacentally?

A

IgG

27
Q

What type of Ig is passed into mother’s breast milk and enters the infant’s GI tract?

A

sIgA

28
Q

What is active vs passive immunity?

A

Active - immunization carried out directly in host

Passive - immune components (antibodies or cells) transferred into host transiently

29
Q

What is Adoptive immunity?

A

When immune cells are transferred into an irradiated host

30
Q

What is an Ab vs an Ig?

A 
Ig = general term
Ab = when specificity for antigen is defined
31
Q

What is the composition of antibodies? What determines the type of antibody?

A

2 heavy chains and two light chains - type of heavy chain determines the antibody because the light chain classes are all the same

32
Q

How does free boundary electrophoresis work?

A

Membrane spotted with serum, electrical current separates components based on charge differences, protein stain applied, and intensity of stain is traced with densometer

33
Q

In what density region are Ig’s found? When is this hyperdense?

A

Gamma region. Hyperdense in myeloma (bone marrow tumor) patients which have excess antibody production

34
Q

What is found in the CSF in MS patients?

A

Oligoclonal bands

35
Q

What chains are most likely to show up in urine?

A

Light chains

36
Q

What is the largest Ig class and what is it particulary good at?

A

IgM - good at complement fixation and thus bacterial lysis

37
Q

What Ig has the highest concentration in serum + longest halflife?

A

IgG

38
Q

What Ig has the highest activity against viruses?

A

IgA (think sIgA)

39
Q

What Ig is primarily involved in the allergic response?

A

IgE

Immuno mikro eng (56 decks)

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