Intro to Immune System / Antibody Structure Flashcards
How do the innate and acquired immune system communicate?
Cytokines
What are the three unique features of the adaptive immune system vs innate immune system?
- Recognition of self vs nonself
- Specificity for a particular stimulus
- Learning / memory with repeat exposure
What activates B cells, and what does ‘B’ stand for?
T-cells (cell-mediated immunity). B stands for ‘Bursa’, as in the Bursa of fabricius
What cell type causes tissue rejection, delayed hypersensitivity, and graft vs host reaction?
T-cell mediated immunity (Effector cells)
What cell type causes agglutination, toxin neutralization, and immediate hypersensitivity?
B-cell mediated immunity
What is the function of the thymus?
act on bone marrow stem cells to produce immunologically competent T cells from lymphoid precursors
Where do B cells mature before and after birth?
Before birth - fetal liver
After birth - ‘B’one marrow
What is a primary vs secondary lymphoid follicle?
Primary - Only inactive B cells
Secondary - Expanded, with germinal center exposed to antigen, and mantle zone of immature B cells.
Where is the red pulp of the spleen?
in the medulla.
What are the cell zones of the spleen around the central artery?
PALS - T cells
Mantle layer / germinal center - B cells
Marginal zone - macrophages
What are the two major cell lines derived from the pluripotent stem cell?
- Lymphoid
2. Myeloid
What cell types does the lymphoid line give rise to?
- T cell
- B cell
- NK cell (From T - cell precursor)
What cell types does the myeloid line give rise to?
- Megakaryocyte
- Erythroblast
- Neurophil
- Basophil
- Eosinophil
- Monocytes
What do monocytes become in the periphery? which ones are APCs?
- Macrophage
- Dendritic cells
- Mast cells
1&2 are APCs
What is a plasma cell?
A B-lymphocyte which has matured to secrete antibodies
What two CD markers are present on all T cells, and which is associated with T cell receptor?
- CD3 - associated with T cell receptor
2. CD2
What is the function of TCR?
Present on all T cells, it is a heterodimer which is antigen-specific receptor
What is MHC 1 vs MHC 2?
1 - present on all classes
2 - present on some activated cells of immune system, including T cells and B cells which are regulated by T helper cells.
What is the antigen-specific receptor of B cells?
membrane immunoglobulin
What is FcR?
The receptor of Fc region for IgG
What is an antigen?
Any substance that stimulates an immune response
What cell products are the best and poorest antigens?
Best - polysaccharides, as in glucose / glucuronic acid
Poor - Nucleic acids
What is a super antigen?
Something that is a mitogen, causes T cells to divide. Causes Cytokine storm and toxic shock syndrome
Is CMI or antibody immunity more recent evolutionarily?
Antibody immunity
