Intro to ID

Question 1

positive sense RNA viruses (4 families)

Answer 1

1. picornaviruses (polio, rhinoviruse, enterovirus
2. togavirus (rubella)
3. flavivirus (yellow fever, dengue)
4. coronavirus (SARS)

Question 2

negative sense RNA viruses (4 families)

Answer 2

1. rhabdoviruses (rabies)
2. paramyxoviruses (measles)
3. orthomyxoviruses (flu)
4. filoviruses (ebola, Marburg)

Question 3

DNA viruses (5 families)

Answer 3

1. adenoviruses (URI, conjunctivitis)
2. hepadnavirus (hep B)
3. herpesviruses (HSV, VZV, EBV, CMV)
4. papillomavirues (cervical cancer)
5. poxviruses (smallpox)

Question 4

Retroviruses

Answer 4

HIV

HTLV1: acute T-cell leukemia and lymphoma. Can also cause tropical spastic paresis.

Question 5

Gram positive cocci. Difference between them.

Answer 5

strep, staph. Strep in chains, staph in clusters.

Question 6

streptococcus: beta hemolytic

Answer 6

beta hemalytic:
GAS: strep throat, rheumatic fever, toxic shock, necrotizing fascitis
Group B: neonatal sepsis, septic arthritis. Often in the vaginal canal
Groups C-G: sore throat, bacteremia

Question 7

Streptococcus: non-beta hemolytic

Answer 7

strep pneumoniae (pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis; viridans (dental carries, endocarditis)
Also enterococcus, which can cause endocarditis, line infections, UTI.

Question 8

Staphylococcus types

Answer 8

coagulase negative vs. positive. positive is the S. aureus

Question 9

coagulase negative staph

Answer 9

normal skin flora, often a contaminant, often seen in line infections

Question 10

coagulase positive staph

Answer 10

s. aureus
never dismiss as a contaminant
bacteremia, line infection, cellulitis, endocarditis, toxin mediated food poisoning

Question 11

Aerobic gram positive bacilli (4 families)

Answer 11

1. Bacillus (anthracis- anthrax, cereus- food poisoning)
2. Listeria (meningitis, pregnancy loss)
3. Nocardia (gram positive filamentous, modified acid fast): pneumonia, brain abscess, immunocompromised hosts
4. corynebacterium (diphtheroids). Diphtheria (jeikeium: bacteremia, endocarditis, osteomyelitis)

Question 12

Anaerobic gram positive bacilli

Answer 12

1. actinomyces (dental abscess, pneumonia, IUD infections- immunocompetent)
2. clostridia- perfringens, botulinum tetani, difficile
3. acnes

Question 13

Gram negative cocci

Answer 13

Neisseria (gonorrhea and meningiditis)
moraxella catarhalis (bronchitis, sinusitis, otitis)

Question 14

gram negative bacilli categories

Answer 14

lactose fermenting, non-lactose fermenting, anaerobes

Question 15

Lactose fermenting gram negative bacilli

Answer 15

e. coli (can cause pyelonephritis), klebsiella( UTI, pneumonia, sepsis), enterobacter (UTI, abscess, sepsis)

Question 16

non lactose fermenting gram negative bacilli

Answer 16

pseudomonas (pneumonia, bacteremia, UTI)
proteus (pyelonephritis, UTI)
serratia (UTI, sepsis)
shigella
salmonella
virbrio (cholera, hemorrhagic cellulitis)
campylobacter 
hemophilus

Question 17

anaerobes- gram negative bacilli

Answer 17

bacteroides (abscesses, bacteremai)

fusobacterium (septic jugular thrombophlebitis)

Question 18

atypical bacteria

Answer 18

chlamydia, rickettsia/ehrlichia, mycoplasma, spirochetes

Question 19

rickettsia/ehrlichia species

Answer 19

rocky mountain spotted fever, prowazekii (endemic typhus), ehrlichia

Question 20

mycoplasma

Answer 20

m. pneumoniae
M. hominis (GU disease)
ureaplasm urealyticum (GU disease)

Question 21

spirochetes

Answer 21

treponema pallidum (syphilis)
borrelia burgdorferi (lyme)
borrelia recurrentis (relapsing fever)