Intro to hypo & pitu Flashcards
What are the anterior pituitary hormones?
Growth hormone (GH), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), Prolactin (PRL), Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
What are the posterior pituitary hormones?
Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) and Oxytocin.
What is the clinical phenotype of excess Growth Hormone (GH)?
Acromegaly
What are common symptoms of central diabetes insipidus?
Markedly increased urination (polyuria) and increased thirst (polydipsia).
What can cause short stature in children?
Familial causes, malnutrition, constitutional growth delay, genetic causes, delayed reactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary pulse generator, and anorexia nervosa.
How does a large pituitary tumor affect vision?
It can cause visual field defects due to compression of the optic nerves.
What are the symptoms of osmotic diuresis?
Increased urine output due to substances in the fluid filtered by the kidneys that cannot be reabsorbed, such as in diabetes mellitus or hypokalemia.
What is the function of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)?
Stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles in females and spermatogenesis in males.
What is the role of Luteinizing Hormone (LH)?
Triggers ovulation and stimulates the production of estrogen and progesterone in females and testosterone in males.
What is the role of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)?
Stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol.
What hormone is associated with galactorrhea and hypogonadism?
Prolactin (PRL).
What can cause impaired vision related to endocrine dysfunctions?
Compression of the optic nerves due to a pituitary tumor.
What is water diuresis and its possible causes?
Increased urine output due to increased water intake (psychogenic polydipsia) or decreased ADH (central diabetes insipidus) or resistance to ADH (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus).
What are the clinical consequences of pediatric hypothyroidism?
Impacts growth hormone levels but not FSH and LH; look for low levels of PRL, TSH, ACTH, vasopressin, and oxytocin as indicators of pituitary problems.
What is the role of Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)?
Regulates water balance in the body by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys.
come up with the list of activating and inhibiting hypothalamic hormones that control the release of AP hormones
