Intro To Human Diseases Flashcards
Change in structure or function that is considered to be abnormal within the body
Disease
alternation of homeostasis
disease
pathologic condition of the body and the mind
disorder
examples of disorders
vitamin deficiency (nutritional disorders) & malformation of joint (bone disorder)
group of symptoms caused by several interrelated problems
syndrome
structural/morphological alterations assoc with a diseased state in an individual
lesion
example of a papule
pimple
example of a vesicle
chicken pox
is a papule with water
vesicle
a change which is specifically characteristic of a disease
pathognomonic lesion
example of a pathognomonic lesion
RS Cell (reed sternberg cells) in Hodgkin’s Disease
Ulcer in Amebiasis
Flask shaped ulcer
Manifestations of a disease that are observed
clinical signs
Manifestations seen by the naked eye
clinical signs
subjective feeling of an abnormality in the body
clinical symptoms
can only be reported by the affected individuals
clinical symptoms
What are the 4 predisposing factors of a disease
1) age
2) gender
3) environment
4) lifestyle
immune systems are not fully developed
newborns
immune systems are degrading
elderly
predisposing factors common in men
lung cancer
gout
predisposing factors common in women
osteoporosis
rheumatoid arthritis
breast cancer
name the 8 causes of diseases
“HIT HIN”
1) heredity
2) inflammation & infection
3) trauma
4) hyperplasia & neoplasm
5) immunity
6) nutritional imbalance
caused by a physical injury from an external force
trauma
the leading cause of death in children & young adults
trauma
most frequent cause of trauma
motor vehicle accidents
most frequent cause of trauma in young adults/males
firearms
most frequent cause of trauma in young children
poison, suffocation
most frequent cause of trauma in young children & elderly
falls
most frequent cause of trauma in adolescence
suicide
Protective immune response that is triggered by any type of injure or irritant
inflammation
5 cardinal signs of inflammation
calor (heat) rubor (redness) tumor (swelling) dolor (pain) functio laesa (loss of function/motion)
refers to the invasion of microorganisms into tissue that causes cell tissue/injury
infection
the two have increased # if cells which lead to increase in tissue size
hyperplasia & neoplasms
lining of the stomach
pseudostratified columnar
lining of the esophagus
stratified squamous
overgrowth in response to some type of stimulus
hyperplasia
examples of hyperplasia
female breast of puberty
partial hepatectomy
goiter (hormone deficiency)
“hormonal hyperplasia” is also known as…
menstruation
are all tumors neoplasms?
NO!
overgrowths also known as “tumors”/”swellings”
neoplasms
the overconsumption or underconsumption of nutrients
nutritional imbalance
“-mal” means
abnormality
an individual who has an illl, thin, wasted appearance
cachexia
immune system protects the body in two additional ways:
1) inflammatory response (leukocytes)
2) specific ag-atb reaction
Allergy is an example of
impaired immunity
When the body’s lymphocytes cannot identify the body’s own self antigens w/c are harmless
autoimmunity
when there is a decrease/absence of lymphocytes
immunodeficiency
4 types of diseases
1) infectious
2) noninfectious
3) psychosomatic
4) idiopathic
Type of disease wherein pathogens must invade host to stimulate immune response to cause disease
infectious disease
aka “non-transmissable” or “non-communicable” disease
non-infectious
this is the leading cause of death in the world, over 60% of all deaths
non-infectious diseases
examples of non-infectious diseases
heart disease allergy stroke cancer asthma emphysema DM
type of disease involving mind & body
psychosomatic disease
type of disease wherein physical diseases are made worse by mental factors
psychosomatic disease
examples of psychosomatic diseases
psoriasis eczema / atopic dermatitis skin asthma stomach ulcer high BP depression anxiety
type of disease where in the cause is unknown
idiopathic disease
examples of idiopathic diseases
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (scar tissue in the filtering unit of the kidney) ankylosing spondylitis (a form of spinal arthritis, chiefly affecting young males, that eventually causes ankylosis of vertebral and sacro-iliac joints.)
