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Histopathology > Intro To Human Diseases > Flashcards

Intro To Human Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Change in structure or function that is considered to be abnormal within the body

A

Disease

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2
Q

alternation of homeostasis

A

disease

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3
Q

pathologic condition of the body and the mind

A

disorder

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4
Q

examples of disorders

A

vitamin deficiency (nutritional disorders) & malformation of joint (bone disorder)

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5
Q

group of symptoms caused by several interrelated problems

A

syndrome

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6
Q

structural/morphological alterations assoc with a diseased state in an individual

A

lesion

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7
Q

example of a papule

A

pimple

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8
Q

example of a vesicle

A

chicken pox

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9
Q

is a papule with water

A

vesicle

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10
Q

a change which is specifically characteristic of a disease

A

pathognomonic lesion

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11
Q

example of a pathognomonic lesion

A

RS Cell (reed sternberg cells) in Hodgkin’s Disease

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12
Q

Ulcer in Amebiasis

A

Flask shaped ulcer

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13
Q

Manifestations of a disease that are observed

A

clinical signs

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14
Q

Manifestations seen by the naked eye

A

clinical signs

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15
Q

subjective feeling of an abnormality in the body

A

clinical symptoms

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16
Q

can only be reported by the affected individuals

A

clinical symptoms

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17
Q

What are the 4 predisposing factors of a disease

A

1) age
2) gender
3) environment
4) lifestyle

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18
Q

immune systems are not fully developed

A

newborns

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19
Q

immune systems are degrading

A

elderly

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20
Q

predisposing factors common in men

A

lung cancer

gout

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21
Q

predisposing factors common in women

A

osteoporosis
rheumatoid arthritis
breast cancer

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22
Q

name the 8 causes of diseases

A

“HIT HIN”

1) heredity
2) inflammation & infection
3) trauma
4) hyperplasia & neoplasm
5) immunity
6) nutritional imbalance

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23
Q

caused by a physical injury from an external force

A

trauma

24
Q

the leading cause of death in children & young adults

A

trauma

25
Q

most frequent cause of trauma

A

motor vehicle accidents

26
Q

most frequent cause of trauma in young adults/males

A

firearms

27
Q

most frequent cause of trauma in young children

A

poison, suffocation

28
Q

most frequent cause of trauma in young children & elderly

A

falls

29
Q

most frequent cause of trauma in adolescence

A

suicide

30
Q

Protective immune response that is triggered by any type of injure or irritant

A

inflammation

31
Q

5 cardinal signs of inflammation

A 
calor (heat)
rubor (redness)
tumor (swelling)
dolor (pain)
functio laesa (loss of function/motion)
32
Q

refers to the invasion of microorganisms into tissue that causes cell tissue/injury

A

infection

33
Q

the two have increased # if cells which lead to increase in tissue size

A

hyperplasia & neoplasms

34
Q

lining of the stomach

A

pseudostratified columnar

35
Q

lining of the esophagus

A

stratified squamous

36
Q

overgrowth in response to some type of stimulus

A

hyperplasia

37
Q

examples of hyperplasia

A

female breast of puberty
partial hepatectomy
goiter (hormone deficiency)

38
Q

“hormonal hyperplasia” is also known as…

A

menstruation

39
Q

are all tumors neoplasms?

A

NO!

40
Q

overgrowths also known as “tumors”/”swellings”

A

neoplasms

41
Q

the overconsumption or underconsumption of nutrients

A

nutritional imbalance

42
Q

“-mal” means

A

abnormality

43
Q

an individual who has an illl, thin, wasted appearance

A

cachexia

44
Q

immune system protects the body in two additional ways:

A

1) inflammatory response (leukocytes)

2) specific ag-atb reaction

45
Q

Allergy is an example of

A

impaired immunity

46
Q

When the body’s lymphocytes cannot identify the body’s own self antigens w/c are harmless

A

autoimmunity

47
Q

when there is a decrease/absence of lymphocytes

A

immunodeficiency

48
Q

4 types of diseases

A

1) infectious
2) noninfectious
3) psychosomatic
4) idiopathic

49
Q

Type of disease wherein pathogens must invade host to stimulate immune response to cause disease

A

infectious disease

50
Q

aka “non-transmissable” or “non-communicable” disease

A

non-infectious

51
Q

this is the leading cause of death in the world, over 60% of all deaths

A

non-infectious diseases

52
Q

examples of non-infectious diseases

A 
heart disease
allergy
stroke
cancer
asthma
emphysema
DM
53
Q

type of disease involving mind & body

A

psychosomatic disease

54
Q

type of disease wherein physical diseases are made worse by mental factors

A

psychosomatic disease

55
Q

examples of psychosomatic diseases

A 
psoriasis
eczema / atopic dermatitis
skin asthma
stomach ulcer
high BP
depression
anxiety
56
Q

type of disease where in the cause is unknown

A

idiopathic disease

57
Q

examples of idiopathic diseases

A 
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (scar tissue in the filtering unit of the kidney)
ankylosing spondylitis (a form of spinal arthritis, chiefly affecting young males, that eventually causes ankylosis of vertebral and sacro-iliac joints.)

Histopathology (4 decks)

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