Framework for Pathophysiology Flashcards
What are the 4 aspects of a disease process
“EP MC”
1) etiology
2) pathogenesis
3) morphologic changes
4) clinical significance
is also known as “cause”
etiology
a series of events
pathogenesis
mechanism of its (disease) development
pathogenesis
structural alterations induced in cells/organs of the body
morphologic changes
functional consequences of morphological changes
clinical significance
it is the study of the cause/reasons for the phenomena
etiology
it is the identification of the casual factors
etiology
what are the major classes of etiologic factors?
1) intrinsic/genetic
2) extrinsic/acquired
3) idiopathic
4) iatrogenic
5) multifactorial
6) nosocomial
subgroups of extrinsic diseases
- infectious
- nutritional
- chemical
- physical
type of disease where the cause is unknown
idiopathic disease
type of disease where the cause is the result of an unintended/unwanted medical treatment
iatrogenic disease
a type of disease where several different etiologic factors lead to the development of the disease
multifactorial disease
examples of multifactorial diseases
- CAD
- Diet
- Increased BP
- lifestyle
- Cigarette smoking
- Hormones
Important for disease prevention & epidemiological studies
identification of risk factors
hospital acquired disease
nosocomial disease
common nosocomial pathogen
pseudomonas
examples of nosocomial diseases
incisional staphylococcal infection in post-operative px
it is a sequence of events in response of the cells or tissues to the etiologic agents
pathogenesis
from the initial stimulus to the ultimate expression of the disease
pathogenesis
what are the stages and clinical course of pathogenesis
“IP SER C”
1) Incubation Phase
2) Prodromal period
3) Silent / Latent Period
4) Exacerbation
5) Remission
6) Convalescence
exposure of a tissue to an infectious agent; 1st signs and symptoms
incubation phase
appearance of the 1st signs and symptoms indicating the onset of the disease
prodromal period
signs may become mild or even disappear for the time
silent / latent phase
sudden increase in the severity of a disease
exacerbation
decline in severity of the signs & symptoms of a disease
remission
state of recovery after a disease/injury/surgery
convalescence
refers to the structural alterations on cells/tissues that are either characteristics of the disease or diagnostic of the etiologic process
morphological changes
examples of morphologic changes
gross and microscopic changes
it is the predicted / expected outcome of a disease
prognosis
sudden onset of a disease
acute disease
examples of acute diseases
- URTI
- Gastroenteritis
- Pneumonia
extended period of a disease
chronic disease
chronic disease can be classified as > than?
> 2 weeks
examples of chronic disease
- hypertension
- DM
- heart disease
- asthma
functional consequences of the morphologic changes
prognosis
onset of a second disease or disorder in an individual who is directly affected with a disease
complications
percentage of people with a disease who live for a set of period of time
survival rate
methods of diagnosis of a disease
1) laboratory tests
2) radiologic tests
