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IMMS Histology > Intro to Histology > Flashcards

Intro to Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Alcian Blue

A

GAG-rich structures - Blue
Mucous goblet cells - Blue
Mast cell granules - Blue
Cartilage matrix - Blue

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2
Q

Eosin

A

Colloidal proteins (e.g. plasma) - Pink
Keratin - Orange / Red
Cytoplasm - Pink

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3
Q

Iron Haematoxylin

A

Nuclei - Black
Elastic fibres - Black

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4
Q

Haematoxylin

A

Nuclei - Blue
RNA - Blue

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5
Q

Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS)

A

Hexose sugars, complex
carbohydrate containing
structures eg. goblet cell. - Magenta / Dark pink
mucins, cartilage matrix,
glycogen, basement
membranes, glycocalyx

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6
Q

Perl’s stain

A

Ferric iron - Prussian blue

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7
Q

Romanovsky Stains
(e.g. Giemsa’s of Leishman’s stains for blood films)

A

Chromatin, (nuclei) - Purple
Azurophils, neutrophils granules - Purple
Erythrocytes & eosinophil granules - Red / Pink
Lymphocyte & monocyte cytoplasm - Pale blue
Basophil granules - Dark blue / Purple

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8
Q

Toluidine Blue

A

Nuclei, Ribosomes, Cytoplasm - Dark blue
Cartilage matrix, mast cell granules - Pale blue
GAG-rich components - Bright purple

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9
Q

Van Gieson’s trichrome stain(with haematoxylin counterstain)

A

Collagen - Pink / Red
Cell cytoplasm - Yellow / Olive green
Nuclei - Black

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10
Q

5 Classes of tissue:

A

Epithelial tissues
Supporting tissues - bone, cartilage, tendons, blood
Muscle cells - Smooth, skeletal, cardiac
Nerve cells - Brain, peripheral, visceral
Germ cells - ova, sperm

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11
Q

Role of 5 class tissues:

A

E - Protection, absorption, secretion – including enzymes,
hormones etc.
S - Soft and hard skeletal tissues e.g. bone, cartilage,
collagen, elastic, blood and immuno-competent cells*
M - Contraction and locomotion
N - Communication
G - Reproduction

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12
Q

Shapes of cells :

A

Rounded
Fusiform
Columnar
Cuboidal
Squamous
Polygonal

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13
Q

How to tell if a cell is metabolically active?

A

Metabolically active cells are larger than metabolically inactive / dormant cells.

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14
Q

Function of Nucleolus:

A

Site of ribosomal RNA formation

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15
Q

Function of Mitochondria:

A

Site of oxidative phosphorylation

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16
Q

Mitochondria Role:
Outer membrane
Inner membrane
Matrix
Intermembranous space

A

O - Lipid synthesis + Fatty acid metabolism
I - Respiratory chain + ATP production
M - TCA (Krebs’) cycle
I S - Nucleotide phosphorylation (ADP to ATP)

17
Q

Function of RER:

A

Site of protein synthesis

18
Q

Function of SER:

A
  • Site of membrane lipid synthesis
  • Processes synthesised proteins
19
Q

Function of Golgi apparatus:

A
  • Processes macromolecules synthesised in the ER
  • Particularly prominent in Plasma cells
20
Q

Role of Golgi cis face:

A
  • Receives transport vesicles from smooth ER
  • Phosphorylates some proteins
21
Q

Role of Golgi trans network

A
  • Proteolysis
  • Sorts macromolecules into vesicles which bud from the surface
22
Q

Role of Golgi medial:

A

Forms complex oligosaccharides by adding sugars to lipids and peptides

23
Q

Function of Vesicles:

A
  • Transport
  • Storage
  • Exchanging cell membrane between compartments
24
Q

Function of lysosomes:

A

-H+ -ATPase on membrane creates low internal pH (pH 5)
-Contain acid hydrolases that degrade proteins

25
Q

Function of Peroxisomes:

A

Contain enzymes which oxidise long-chain fatty acids

26
Q

What 3 proteins in the cytoskeleton:

A
  • Microfilaments
  • Microtubules
  • Intermediate filaments
26
Q

What 3 proteins in the cytoskeleton:

A
  • Microfilaments
  • Microtubules
  • Intermediate filaments
27
Q

What is and what does microfilaments do?

A
  • Actin
  • Forms a bracing mesh (cell cortex) on the inner surface of the cell membrane
28
Q

What is and what does microtubules do?

A
  • Tubular proteins
  • Not in erythrocytes
  • Made of α- and β-tubulin which arrange in groups of 13 to form hollow tubes
29
Q

What is and what does intermediate filaments do?

A
  • 6 types of proteins
  • Anchored to transmembrane proteins
  • Spread tensile forces through tissues
30
Q

6 types of intermediate filaments:

A
  • Cytokeratins
  • Desmin
  • Glial fibrillary acidic
  • Neurofilament
  • Nuclear laminin
  • Vimentin
31
Q

Composition between cells in tissues:

A

Interstitial fluid:
- Water
- Salts in solution
- Peptides and proteins (e.g. plasma proteins, hormones, etc.)
Extracellular material:
- Fibrillary proteins – e.g. tendons
- Glycosaminoglycan jelly
- Inorganic salts as solids (e.g. calcium in bone)

IMMS Histology (2 decks)

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