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IMMS Histology > Epithelia > Flashcards

Epithelia Flashcards

1
Q

What is the structure of epithelia tissue?

A

Epithelia comprise a cohesive sheet of cells, with one or more layers, resting on a basement membrane.

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2
Q

What is the purpose of epithelia?

A

Form barriers for:
Protection – e.g. skin
Absorption – e.g. gut
Secretion – e.g. pancreas

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3
Q

How many layers in simple and stratified epithelia?

A

Simple epithelia - Single layer of cells on a basement membrane
Stratified (compound) epithelia - Two or more layers of cells on a basement membrane

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4
Q

What is simple squamous epithelium?

A

Single layer of flattened plate-like cells on a basement membrane
Parallel oval nuclei

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5
Q

Where is simple squamous epithelium found?

A

Lines:
Inside of blood vessels - endothelium
Outside of lungs - mesothelium
Abdominal organs - peritoneum

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6
Q

What is simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

Single layer of cells with similar height and width on a basement membrane
Central spherical nuclei

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7
Q

Where are simple cuboidal epithelium found?

A

Lines: kidney tubules, small ducts

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8
Q

What is simple columnar epithelium?

A

Single layer of cells taller than they are wide, on a basement membrane
May or may not have cilia or microvilli

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9
Q

Where are simple columnar epithelium found?

A

Lines: the stomach, intestines and uterus

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10
Q

What are microvilli?

A

Microscopic projections on luminal surface of absorptive cells

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11
Q

Where are microvilli found and what do they do?

A

Intestinal brush border
Increase surface area for absorption of nutrients, water

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12
Q

What is cilia?

A

Microscopic motile projections on luminal surface of cells
Contain contractile proteins - tubulin and dyenin

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13
Q

Where is cilia found?

A

Respiratory tract and reproductive tract (fallopian tube)

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14
Q

What is stratified epithelia? Where is it found?

A

Several layers of epithelia.
Parts where exposed to frequent forces eg skin, mouth, vagina, oesophagus, uterus.

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15
Q

What is stratified non keratinising squamous epithelium?

A

Multiple layer of squamous epithelium cells on a basement membrane
They don’t produce keratin protein, no need for waterproofing
Mature surface layers are plate-like squames

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16
Q

Where can stratified non keratinising squamous epithelium be found?

A

Mouth, vagina, oesophagus, oropharynx

17
Q

What is stratified keratinising squamous epithelium?

A

Multiple layer of stratified keratinising squamous epithelium cells on a basement membrane
Mature surface layers are plate-like squames

18
Q

What protein do stratified keratinising squamous epithelium produce? Why? Where is it found?

A

Keratin.
It creates a waterproof layer
On skin.

19
Q

What happens to keratin as cell matures?

A

As cell matures it accumulates more keratin, shown by a layer of dark purple granules, till eventually cells die and left with dead flat plates of keratin.
Thick keratin layers - palms, soles
Thin keratin layers - eyelids

20
Q

What is pseudo-stratified epithelia?

A

Single layer of cells of variable height, mimicking multiple layers on a basement membrane
All cells in contact with basement membrane
Has cilia

21
Q

Where is pseudo stratified epithelia found?

A

Lines the conducting airways - trachea, nasopharynx

22
Q

What is urothelium?

A

Urothelium is specialised stratified epithelium

23
Q

What is the structure of the urothelium?

A

Combination of pseudo stratified epithelium +
Surface layer cells - isn’t in contact with basement membrane called umbrella cells
Waterproof - tight junctions

24
Q

Where is urothelium found?

A

Lines: collecting part of the urinary tract

25
Q

What is the basement membrane? What stain can be used to observe it?

A

Separates bottom layer of epithelia and underlying connective tissue
PAS - Periodic Acid Shift - Dark purple/Magenta

26
Q

What is basement membrane compose of? What is it essential for?

A

Composed of extra-cellular proteins - Collagen IV and Fibronectin
Essential for the proper functioning and survival of the epithelium

27
Q

What the the 3 epithelial junctions?

A
  • Tight junction (occluding)
  • Desmosomes (anchoring/adherent)
  • Gap junction (communicating)
28
Q

What is contact inhibtion?

A

When epithelial cells join with other epithelial cells inhibiting cell growth.

29
Q

Explain tight junctions:

A

Band-like fusions between cells that are impervious to most molecules
Prevent diffusion between cells

30
Q

Explain desmosomes: Where are these found prominent?

A

Plaques form physical joins between cells and connect the cytoskeletons of adjacent epithelial cells
Mechanical load is spread between several cells instead of one.
Skin

31
Q

What are hemidesmosomes? Where are they found?

A

Help cells bind to basement membrane. In basal layer

32
Q

Explain gap junctions:

A

Electrical junctions that permit the transfer of small molecules and ions between adjacent epithelial cells
Results in: Electrically couple adjacent cells

IMMS Histology (2 decks)

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