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Hematology 3rdYR 1stSem Prelims > Intro to Hematology > Flashcards

Intro to Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

Average human possesses how much volume of blood

A

5 liters

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2
Q

pH of blood

A

7.35 - 7.45

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3
Q

provides coagulation enzymes that protect vessels from trauma and maintains circulation

A

Plasma

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4
Q

Transports & nourishes blood cells

A

Plasma

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5
Q

3 Categories of Blood Cells

A

Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes)
White Blood Cells (leukocytes)
Platelets (thrombocytes)

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6
Q

Most commonly ordered test in Hematology

A

Complete Blood Count (CBC)

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7
Q

Scientist that described worms in the blood

A

Athanasius Kircher

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8
Q

Scientist that gave an account of RBCs

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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9
Q

Scientist that described platelets as “petites plaques”

A

Giulio Bizzozero

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10
Q

Scientist the developed blood film examination through the microscope

A

James Homer Wright

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11
Q

Foundation of blood cell identification

A

Romanowsky-type Stain

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12
Q

5 morphological characteristics of blood cells

A
  1. Cell color
  2. Size
  3. Shape
  4. Cytoplasmic inclusions
  5. Nuclear condensation
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13
Q

Reddish protein found in RBCs

A

Hemoglobin

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14
Q

Occupies 1/3 of the RBC’s center and reflects their biconcavity

A

Zone of Pallor

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15
Q
  • Loss of oxygen carrying capacity
  • Reduced RBC count
  • Decreased RBC Hemoglobin concentration
A

Anemia

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16
Q
  • Increased RBC Count
  • Condition leads to hyperviscosity
A

Polycythemia

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17
Q

Matches the osmolality of blood

A

0.85% (Normal) Saline

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18
Q

Ratio for RBC count dilution

A

1:200

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19
Q

What type of glass pipette is used for RBC count dilution

A

Thoma Pipette

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20
Q

Diluted blood is transferred to this glass counting chamber

A

Hemacytometer

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21
Q

Unit for reporting RBC count

A
  • Cells per microliter (mcL)
  • Milliliter (mL)
  • Liter (L)
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22
Q

First electronic counter was patented by who

A

Joseph & Wallace Coulter

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23
Q

Automated cell counters are aka?

A

Coulter counters

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24
Q

Reagent used for Hemoglobin measurement

A

Drabkin reagent

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25
Drabkin reagent composition
Potassium cyanide & Potassium ferricyanide
26
When whole blood is mixed with Drabkin reagent, Hemoglobin is converted to what
Cyanmethemoglobin (hemiglobincyanide)
27
Absorbance of Cyanmethemoglobin
540nm
28
Cyanmethemoglobin alternative
Sodium lauryl sulfate
29
Ratio of the volume of packed RBCs to the volume of whole blood
Hematocrit
30
Hematocrit is aka
Packed cell volume
31
3 numerical results used to compute RBC indices
1. RBC count 2. HGB 3. HCT
32
3 RBC indices
1. Mean cell volume 2. Mean cell hemoglobin 3. Mean cell hemoglobin concentration
33
Reflects RBC diameter
Mean Cell Volume (MCV)
34
Reflects RBC staining intensity & amount of central pallor
Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)
35
Expresses the mass of hemoglobin per cell
Mean Cell Hemoglobin
36
Expresses the degree of variation in RBC volume
RBC Distribution Width (RDW)
37
Extreme RBC volume variability visible on blood film as variation in diameter
Anisocytosis
38
Reticulocytes stain what color in Wright-stained blood film?
blue-gray
39
Newly released RBC from Bone marrow (RBC production site)
Polychromatic Erythrocytes
40
Dyes absorbed by live cells
Vital Stains
41
Young RBCs that contain RNA, which is visualized using vital stains, are called what?
Reticulocytes
42
Loosely related category of cell types dedicated to protecting their host from infection and injury
Leukocytes
43
Typical dilution for counting WBCs
1:20
44
decreased WBC count
Leukopenia
45
increased WBC count
Leukocytosis
46
Phagocytic cells whose major purpose is to engulf and destroy microorganisms and foreign material
Neutrophils
47
An increase in Neutrophils and often signals bacterial infection
Neutrophilia
48
A decrease in Neutrophils and has many causes, but it is often caused by certain medications or viral infections
Neutropenia
49
Slightly less mature neutrophils with a nonsegmented nucleus in a U or S shape
Bands (band neutrophils)
50
An increase in band neutrophils which also signals bacterial infection
Left Shift
51
Cells with round, bright orange-red cytoplasmic granules filled with proteins involved in immune system regulation
Eosinophils
52
Elevated eosinophil count and often signals a response to allergy or parasitic infection
Eosinophilia
53
Cells with dark purple, irregular cytoplasmic granules that obscure the nucleus
Basophils
54
What do basophil granules contain
Histamine
55
Elevated basophil which often signals an hematologic disease
Basophilia
56
Enumerate the 4 granulocytes
1. Neutrophils 2. Bands 3. Eosinophils 4. Basophils
57
An increase in the lymphocyte count and often is associated with viral infections
Lymphocytosis
58
Abnormally low lymphocyte count and is often associated with drug therapy or immunodeficiency
Lymphopenia
59
Most abundant cell type in the body
Monocytes
60
Increase in number of monocytes
Monocytosis
61
True blood cells that maintain blood vessel integrity by initiating vessel wall repairs
Thrombocytes
62
Platelets are aka?
Cell fragments
63
Elevated platelet count
Thrombocytosis
64
Rare malignant condition characterized by extremely high platelet counts and uncontrolled platelet production
Essential Thrombocythemia
65
Decreased platelet count
Thrombocytopenia
66
Define what a Flag is in Automated Blood Cell Analyzers
An indicator when one of the results from the analyzer is abnormal
67
Final arbiter for all cell identification
Hematopathologist
68
main Key component of hemostasis
Platelet
69
2nd key component of hemostasis
Plasma coagulation
70
System of enzymes and cofactors digests clots to restore vessel patency
Fibrinolysis
71
Minor blood specimen defects
- Clots - Hemolysis - Lipemia - Plasma bilirubin - Short draws
72
Precursors of RBCs
Cells of the erythroid series
73
Matures to form granulocytes
Myeloid series cells
74
Produces platelets
Megakaryocytes
75
Membrane protein that is present in the megakaryocytic lineage and may be diagnostic for megakaryoblastic leukemia
CD42b
76
A time-honored form of chromosome analysis, employed in bone marrow aspirate examination to find gross genetic errors
Cytogenetics
77
Fastest growing area of laboratory medicine
Molecular diagnostic techniques
78
Phenotypically detects an inherited RBC enzyme deficiency causing episodic hemolytic anemia
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase assay
79
Detects inflammation and roughly estimate its intensity
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Hematology 3rdYR 1stSem Prelims (4 decks)

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