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Hematology 3rdYR 1stSem Prelims > Intro to Hematology > Flashcards

Intro to Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

Average human possesses how much volume of blood

A

5 liters

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2
Q

pH of blood

A

7.35 - 7.45

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3
Q

provides coagulation enzymes that protect vessels from trauma and maintains circulation

A

Plasma

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4
Q

Transports & nourishes blood cells

A

Plasma

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5
Q

3 Categories of Blood Cells

A

Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes)
White Blood Cells (leukocytes)
Platelets (thrombocytes)

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6
Q

Most commonly ordered test in Hematology

A

Complete Blood Count (CBC)

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7
Q

Scientist that described worms in the blood

A

Athanasius Kircher

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8
Q

Scientist that gave an account of RBCs

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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9
Q

Scientist that described platelets as “petites plaques”

A

Giulio Bizzozero

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10
Q

Scientist the developed blood film examination through the microscope

A

James Homer Wright

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11
Q

Foundation of blood cell identification

A

Romanowsky-type Stain

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12
Q

5 morphological characteristics of blood cells

A
  1. Cell color
  2. Size
  3. Shape
  4. Cytoplasmic inclusions
  5. Nuclear condensation
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13
Q

Reddish protein found in RBCs

A

Hemoglobin

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14
Q

Occupies 1/3 of the RBC’s center and reflects their biconcavity

A

Zone of Pallor

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15
Q
  • Loss of oxygen carrying capacity
  • Reduced RBC count
  • Decreased RBC Hemoglobin concentration
A

Anemia

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16
Q
  • Increased RBC Count
  • Condition leads to hyperviscosity
A

Polycythemia

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17
Q

Matches the osmolality of blood

A

0.85% (Normal) Saline

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18
Q

Ratio for RBC count dilution

A

1:200

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19
Q

What type of glass pipette is used for RBC count dilution

A

Thoma Pipette

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20
Q

Diluted blood is transferred to this glass counting chamber

A

Hemacytometer

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21
Q

Unit for reporting RBC count

A
  • Cells per microliter (mcL)
  • Milliliter (mL)
  • Liter (L)
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22
Q

First electronic counter was patented by who

A

Joseph & Wallace Coulter

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23
Q

Automated cell counters are aka?

A

Coulter counters

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24
Q

Reagent used for Hemoglobin measurement

A

Drabkin reagent

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25
Q

Drabkin reagent composition

A

Potassium cyanide & Potassium ferricyanide

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26
Q

When whole blood is mixed with Drabkin reagent, Hemoglobin is converted to what

A

Cyanmethemoglobin (hemiglobincyanide)

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27
Q

Absorbance of Cyanmethemoglobin

A

540nm

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28
Q

Cyanmethemoglobin alternative

A

Sodium lauryl sulfate

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29
Q

Ratio of the volume of packed RBCs to the volume of whole blood

A

Hematocrit

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30
Q

Hematocrit is aka

A

Packed cell volume

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31
Q

3 numerical results used to compute RBC indices

A
  1. RBC count
  2. HGB
  3. HCT
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32
Q

3 RBC indices

A
  1. Mean cell volume
  2. Mean cell hemoglobin
  3. Mean cell hemoglobin concentration
33
Q

Reflects RBC diameter

A

Mean Cell Volume (MCV)

34
Q

Reflects RBC staining intensity & amount of central pallor

A

Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)

35
Q

Expresses the mass of hemoglobin per cell

A

Mean Cell Hemoglobin

36
Q

Expresses the degree of variation in RBC volume

A

RBC Distribution Width (RDW)

37
Q

Extreme RBC volume variability visible on blood film as variation in diameter

A

Anisocytosis

38
Q

Reticulocytes stain what color in Wright-stained blood film?

39
Q

Newly released RBC from Bone marrow (RBC production site)

A

Polychromatic Erythrocytes

40
Q

Dyes absorbed by live cells

A

Vital Stains

41
Q

Young RBCs that contain RNA, which is visualized using vital stains, are called what?

A

Reticulocytes

42
Q

Loosely related category of cell types dedicated to protecting their host from infection and injury

A

Leukocytes

43
Q

Typical dilution for counting WBCs

44
Q

decreased WBC count

A

Leukopenia

45
Q

increased WBC count

A

Leukocytosis

46
Q

Phagocytic cells whose major purpose is to engulf and destroy microorganisms and foreign material

A

Neutrophils

47
Q

An increase in Neutrophils and often signals bacterial infection

A

Neutrophilia

48
Q

A decrease in Neutrophils and has many causes, but it is often caused by certain medications or viral infections

A

Neutropenia

49
Q

Slightly less mature neutrophils with a nonsegmented nucleus in a U or S shape

A

Bands (band neutrophils)

50
Q

An increase in band neutrophils which also signals bacterial infection

A

Left Shift

51
Q

Cells with round, bright orange-red cytoplasmic granules filled with proteins involved in immune system regulation

A

Eosinophils

52
Q

Elevated eosinophil count and often signals a response to allergy or parasitic infection

A

Eosinophilia

53
Q

Cells with dark purple, irregular cytoplasmic granules that obscure the nucleus

54
Q

What do basophil granules contain

55
Q

Elevated basophil which often signals an hematologic disease

A

Basophilia

56
Q

Enumerate the 4 granulocytes

A
  1. Neutrophils
  2. Bands
  3. Eosinophils
  4. Basophils
57
Q

An increase in the lymphocyte count and often is associated with viral infections

A

Lymphocytosis

58
Q

Abnormally low lymphocyte count and is often associated with drug therapy or immunodeficiency

A

Lymphopenia

59
Q

Most abundant cell type in the body

60
Q

Increase in number of monocytes

A

Monocytosis

61
Q

True blood cells that maintain blood vessel integrity by initiating vessel wall repairs

A

Thrombocytes

62
Q

Platelets are aka?

A

Cell fragments

63
Q

Elevated platelet count

A

Thrombocytosis

64
Q

Rare malignant condition characterized by extremely high platelet counts and uncontrolled platelet production

A

Essential Thrombocythemia

65
Q

Decreased platelet count

A

Thrombocytopenia

66
Q

Define what a Flag is in Automated Blood Cell Analyzers

A

An indicator when one of the results from the analyzer is abnormal

67
Q

Final arbiter for all cell identification

A

Hematopathologist

68
Q

main Key component of hemostasis

69
Q

2nd key component of hemostasis

A

Plasma coagulation

70
Q

System of enzymes and cofactors digests clots to restore vessel patency

A

Fibrinolysis

71
Q

Minor blood specimen defects

A
  • Clots
  • Hemolysis
  • Lipemia
  • Plasma bilirubin
  • Short draws
72
Q

Precursors of RBCs

A

Cells of the erythroid series

73
Q

Matures to form granulocytes

A

Myeloid series cells

74
Q

Produces platelets

A

Megakaryocytes

75
Q

Membrane protein that is present in the megakaryocytic lineage and may be diagnostic for megakaryoblastic leukemia

76
Q

A time-honored form of chromosome analysis, employed in bone marrow aspirate examination to find gross genetic errors

A

Cytogenetics

77
Q

Fastest growing area of laboratory medicine

A

Molecular diagnostic techniques

78
Q

Phenotypically detects an inherited RBC enzyme deficiency causing episodic hemolytic anemia

A

glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase assay

79
Q

Detects inflammation and roughly estimate its intensity

A

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Hematology 3rdYR 1stSem Prelims (4 decks)

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