Intro to GI System Flashcards
Meaning of autotrophs + examples
Able to make their own food
All plants (photosynthesis) and some prokaryotes
Meaning of heterotrophs + examples
Obtain organic food originally from plants
Animals, fungi etc
What are the 3 main modes of heterotrophic nutrition
Holozoic, saprotrophic, parasitic
What is saprotrophic nutrition + examples
Feed off dead/decaying organic matter via enzymes
Fungi, some prokaryotes
What is holozoic nutrition + example
Solid/liquid food is taken in, broken down and absorbed
Most animals
Complex digestive systemW
What is parasitic nutrition
Live on/in host in which they obtain food
What’s included in the accessory organs of digestive tract
Teeth, tongue, gallbladder, glands etc
What’s included in the alimentary canal and what is it
Long, continuous tube that starts at mouth and ends at anus
Mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, SI, LI
What are the 6 processes of digestion
Ingestion
Propulsion
Mechanical breakdown
Chemical breakdown
Absorption
Egestion
What are macronutrients + examples
Nutrients body needs in large amounts for energy
Carbs, proteins and fats
What are micronutrients + examples
Small amounts
Vitamins, minerals
What are vitamins
Organic compounds that must be obtained from diet
What are minerals
Inorganic nutrients needed
Function of vitamin A
Formation of rhodopsin
Function of vitamin D
Calcium metabolism
Function of vitamin E
Antioxidant, membrane integrity
Function of vitamin K
Blood clotting
Function of vitamin B
Co-enzyme function/formation
Function of vitamin C
Electron carrier, collagen formation, stimulates immune system
What are sources of vitamin: A, B, C, D, E, K
A - milk, egg yolk, liver
B - Nuts, meat, cereal, beans
C - Fresh fruits and veg
D - diary, fish, egg yolk
K - green leafy veg
What are fibres + examples
Complex carbs from plants
Cellulose, gums, pectin
What are the function of fibre
Increase bulk and water content in intestines
Promote bowel motility
