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NURS 193 [Exam #1] > Intro to Gero: Male & Female Changes > Flashcards

Intro to Gero: Male & Female Changes Flashcards

1
Q

Normal Changes in Aging Males

What happens to testosterone levels in aging males?

A
  • ↓ testosterone lvls
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2
Q

Normal Changes in Aging Males

What are the effects of decreased testosterone in aging males?

A
  • ↓: Libido, muscle mass, and strength
  • ↑: Body fat, fatigue, and mood changes
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3
Q

Normal Changes in Aging Males

What change occurs to public hair in aging males?

A
  • thin and grayer
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4
Q

Normal Changes in Aging Males

How does aging affect the male scrotum?

A
  • ↓ Elasticity
    -> saggy & wrinkled
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5
Q

Normal Changes in Aging Males

What happens to the penis with age?

A
  • ↓ Sensitivity
  • Slightly smaller in size
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6
Q

Normal Changes in Aging Males

How is seminal fluid affected in older males?

A
  • ↓ Seminal fluid volume during ejaculation
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7
Q

Normal Changes in Aging Males

What changes occur in ejaculation as men age?

A
  • weaker force of ejaculation
  • longer refractory period
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8
Q

Normal Changes in Aging Males

How does the bladder change in aging males?

A
  • ↓ Bladder capacity and elasticity
    -> frequent urination
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9
Q

Abnormal Changes in Aging Males

What happens to the prostate gland in older men?

A
  • Often enlarges
    -> BPH (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia)
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10
Q

Abormal Changes in Aging Males

What are urinary symptoms of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)?

A
  • Difficulty urinating
  • Weak urine stream
  • Incomplete bladder emptying
    -> Frequent urination
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11
Q

Abormal Changes in Aging Males

What is erectile dysfunction?

A
  • Difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection.
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12
Q

Abormal Changes in Aging Males

What types of cancer are aging males at risk for?

A
  • Prostate cancer
  • Colon/rectal cancer
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13
Q

Male interventions

What is the purpose of a Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) in cancer recognition checks?

A
  • assess the size, shape, and texture of prostate gland
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14
Q

Male Interventions

What does the PSA test measure, and what can elevated levels indicate?

A
  • Test lvls of PSA (prostate-specific antigen) in the blood
    -> ↑ levels = possible prostate cancer
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15
Q

Male Interventions

What urination pattern changes may signal prostate cancer or can be assosciated with BPH?

A
  • Difficulty urinating
    -> Weak flow/Dribbling
  • Frequent urination
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16
Q

Male Interventions

What lifestyle changes are recommended as part of treatment for erectile dysfunction?

A
  • Stop smoking
  • Limit alcohol
  • Regular exercise
  • Manage stress and mental health
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17
Q

Male Interventions

What is the pharmacologic name of medications that are used to treat erectile dysfunction, and how do they work?

A
  • Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors
    -> ↑ blood flow to the penis
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18
Q

Male Interventions

What are examples of medications used to treat erectile dysfunction?

-afil

A
  • sildenafil (Viagra)
  • tadalafil (Cialis)
  • vardenafil (Levitra)
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19
Q

Normal Chanegs in Aging Females

What is menopause and what causes it?

A
  • Permanent cessation of menstruation r/t decline in ovarian function and estrogen production.
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20
Q

Normal Changes in Aging Females

What are common symptoms of menopause?

A
  • Hot flashes
  • Sleep disturbances
  • Vaginal dryness
  • ↓ bone density
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21
Q

Normal Changes in Aging Females

What happens to the mons pubis with aging?

A
  • less firm and more saggy.
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22
Q

Normal Changes in Aging Females

What changes occur to pubic hair in aging females?

A
  • thinner and gray.
23
Q

Normal Changes in Aging Females

What changes occur to the labia with age?

A
  • thinner
  • lose elasticity
24
Q

Normal Changes in Aging Females

What changes occur to the clitoris with age?

A
  • ↓ sensitivity
  • Slightly smaller in size
25
# Normal Changes in Aging Females What are the changes to the vagina in older women?
- Decrease elasticity - Decrease lubricaiotn - Thinner, shorther, narrower
26
# Normal Changes in Aging Females What happens to Bartholin’s glands with aging?
- less lubrication
27
# Normal Changes in Aging Females What happens to the ovaries with age?
- ↓ size
28
# Normal Changes in Aging Females What happens to the uterus with age?
- ↓ size
29
# Normal Changes in Aging Females What changes occur to breasts in aging females?
- Less dense, more fatty - Sagging
30
# Abnormal Changes in Females What types of cancer are older females at risk for?
- Breast cancer - Uterine cancer - Ovarian cancer - Cervical cancer
31
# Abnormal Changes in Females What is uterine prolapse?
- uterus slips down into (or protrudes out of) the vagina due to weakened pelvic floor muscles and ligaments.
32
# Abnormal Changes in Females What causes urinary incontinence in older women?
- **cystocele** (bladder bulges into the front wall of the vagina) and **rectocele** (rectum bulges into the back wall of the vagina) and causes weakend pelvic floor muscles -> incontinence
33
# Abnormal Changes in Females What is rectocele?
- rectum bulges into the vagina
34
# Abnormal Changes in Females What is cystocele?
- bladder bulges into the vagina
35
# Abnormal Changes in Females What is the risk of vaginal infections in aging females?
- ↑ risk of vaginal infections
36
# Abnormal Changes in Females What is dyspareunia?
Painful sexual intercourse.
37
# Female Interventions What are two nursing interventions for managing hot flashes during menopause?
- Cool environment - Avoid triggers
38
# Female Interventions What are interventions for sleep disturbances during menopause?
- Establish a sleep routine - Limit caffeine - Use relaxation techniques
39
# Female Interventions What are interventions for vaginal dryness in menopausal women?
- Lubricants - Apply estrogen cream
40
# Female Interventions What are interventions to address changes in bone density during menopause?
- ↑ Calcium - ↑ Vitamin D - Weight bearing exercises
41
# Female Interventions What is the purpose of a breast self-exam (BSE)?
Regularly check for: - Lumps - Thickening/Changes in skin & nipple appearance
42
# Female Interventions What is a mammogram and what is it used for?
- X-ray exam used to detect and diagnose breast disease
43
# Female Interventions What is a PAP smear used for?
- Cervivcal Cancer screening test - Collects & assess cells from cervix
44
# Female Interventions What does a change in color, consistency, odor, or amount of vaginal discharge indicate?
- Possible infection or cancer
45
# Female Interventions What urination pattern changes may be early signs of cancer?
- Hematuria (blood in urine) - Frequent urination - Difficulty emptying the bladder
46
# Female Interventions What cancers may be indicated by changes in urination patterns?
- Bladder or other urinary tract cancers
47
# Female Interventions What are Kegel exercises used for?
- strengthen pelvic floor muscles -> pvt urinary leaking
48
# Female Interventions What protective strategies help manage incontinence in women?
- Pads or cotton underwear -> Absorbs moisture, pvt leaks
49
# Female Interventions Why are hygiene practices important for individuals with incontinence (what does it help prevent) ?
**Prevents:** - skin breakdown - infections - odors
50
# Female Interventions What medications can help manage incontinence?
- **Anticholinergics**: Calm overactive bladder - **Beta-3 agonists**: Relax bladder --> ↑ bladder volume
51
# Female Interventions What teaching strategies help treat dyspareunia (painful intercourse)?
- Use water-based lubricants - Apply vaginal moisturizers regularly - deep breathing and relaxation exercises
52
# Female Interventions What medications can be used to treat dyspareunia?
- Lubricants - Pain management meds - Vaginal estrogen creams
53
# Female Interventions What does hormone replacement therapy (HRT) do for women?
- Replaces declining levels of estrogen and progesterone
54
# Female Interventions What are two main purposes of hormone replacement therapy in aging females?
- Relieve menopausal symptoms - Pvt osteoporosis

NURS 193 [Exam #1] (12 decks)

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