Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science part 1 > Intro to genetics > Flashcards

Intro to genetics Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is a chromosome?

A

a sausage shaped package of chromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is a locus

A

a genes site on its chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a diploid

A

a cell with 23 pairs of chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is chromatin

A

the term for DNA and it’s associated protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is a gamete

A

a sex cell-spermatozoon or ovum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the Sex

A

the X or Y chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is a karyotype

A

the chromosomal complement of the cell arranged in chromosomal pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is a genome

A

the total genetic material of a cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is an autosome

A

a chromosome belonging to any of the pairs 1-22

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is a gene

A

a sequence of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is histone

A

the structural proteins coiled with the chromosomal DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is homozygous

A

having 2 identical forms of the same gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is hetrozygous

A

having 2 different forms of the same gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does sex-linked mean

A

inheritance of genes carried on the X or Y chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does autosomal mean

A

inheritance of genes carried on any chromosome in pairs 1-22

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does inheritance mean?

A

the process of passing genetic information from one generation to the next

17
Q

what does recessive mean

A

the form of a gene that can only be expressed if the individual has 2 of them

18
Q

what does phenotype mean?

A

the expression of the gene in the individual e.g. hair colour

19
Q

what is a chromatid

A

a replicated chromosome

20
Q

what is the role of MRNA?

A

carries the protein information (recipe) from the DNA in a cells nucleus to the cytoplasm

21
Q

what is translation

A

synthesis of a protein from the MRNA information where it is converted into an amino acid sequence in a protein

22
Q

what is transcription

A

the synthesis of RNA from the DNA information where it is converted into a complimentary RNA code

23
Q

what is the term for the production of mRNA from DNA

A

transcription

24
Q

what takes place on the ribosome? translation or transcription

A

translation

25
Q

what is the term for protein synthesis using the instructions on the mRNA

A

translation

26
Q

does translation or transcription require the opening up of the DNA double helix first?

A

transcription

27
Q

does translation or transcription take place in the nucleus?

A

transcription

28
Q

what requires a supply of free amino acids? translation or transcription?

A

translation

29
Q

What type of sugar does DNA have?

A

deoxyribose sugar

30
Q

what type of sugar does RNA have ?

A

ribose sugar

31
Q

what carries the genetic code?

A

the base

32
Q

what pairs with its corresponding unit on the opposite strand?

A

the base

33
Q

what forms the ‘backbone’ of DNA

A

sugar phosphate units

34
Q

in DNA, what takes the form of deoxyribose?

A

sugar unit

35
Q

what forms the ‘rungs’ of the DNA ladder?

A

the base

36
Q

what includes adenine?

A

the base

37
Q

what is adenine?

A

a chemical compound used to make one of the building blocks of DNA & RNA

38
Q

what do the bases link to

A

the sugar unit

Science part 1 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions