Intro to genetics Flashcards
what is a chromosome?
a sausage shaped package of chromatin
what is a locus
a genes site on its chromosome
what is a diploid
a cell with 23 pairs of chromosomes
what is chromatin
the term for DNA and it’s associated protein
what is a gamete
a sex cell-spermatozoon or ovum
what is the Sex
the X or Y chromosome
what is a karyotype
the chromosomal complement of the cell arranged in chromosomal pairs
what is a genome
the total genetic material of a cell
what is an autosome
a chromosome belonging to any of the pairs 1-22
what is a gene
a sequence of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific product
what is histone
the structural proteins coiled with the chromosomal DNA
what is homozygous
having 2 identical forms of the same gene
what is hetrozygous
having 2 different forms of the same gene
what does sex-linked mean
inheritance of genes carried on the X or Y chromosomes
what does autosomal mean
inheritance of genes carried on any chromosome in pairs 1-22
what does inheritance mean?
the process of passing genetic information from one generation to the next
what does recessive mean
the form of a gene that can only be expressed if the individual has 2 of them
what does phenotype mean?
the expression of the gene in the individual e.g. hair colour
what is a chromatid
a replicated chromosome
what is the role of MRNA?
carries the protein information (recipe) from the DNA in a cells nucleus to the cytoplasm
what is translation
synthesis of a protein from the MRNA information where it is converted into an amino acid sequence in a protein
what is transcription
the synthesis of RNA from the DNA information where it is converted into a complimentary RNA code
what is the term for the production of mRNA from DNA
transcription
what takes place on the ribosome? translation or transcription
translation
what is the term for protein synthesis using the instructions on the mRNA
translation
does translation or transcription require the opening up of the DNA double helix first?
transcription
does translation or transcription take place in the nucleus?
transcription
what requires a supply of free amino acids? translation or transcription?
translation
What type of sugar does DNA have?
deoxyribose sugar
what type of sugar does RNA have ?
ribose sugar
what carries the genetic code?
the base
what pairs with its corresponding unit on the opposite strand?
the base
what forms the ‘backbone’ of DNA
sugar phosphate units
in DNA, what takes the form of deoxyribose?
sugar unit
what forms the ‘rungs’ of the DNA ladder?
the base
what includes adenine?
the base
what is adenine?
a chemical compound used to make one of the building blocks of DNA & RNA
what do the bases link to
the sugar unit
