intro to forensics Flashcards

Question

what was the 13th century china?

Answer 1

when someone was stabbed all of the knives in the village were collected. files were attracted to the traces of blood and landed on only one of the knives, causing the suspect to confess

Answer 2

chemist who published first scientific paper on the detection of poisons and their effects on animals

Answer 3

mathieu orfila

Answer 4

he used thumbprints on documents to identify workers in India

Answer 5

developed anthropometry which uses body measurements to distinguish individuals

Answer 6

alphonse bertillon

Answer 7

uses fingerprints to eliminate an innocent burglary suspect

Answer 8

published his first sherlock holmes story; considered the first “CSI”, featured in four novels and 56 short stories, popularized scientific crime-detection methods.

Answer 9

published finger prints. conducted the first definitive study of fingerprints and their classification. gave proof of their uniqueness

Answer 10

published criminal investigation. wrote the first paper describing the application of scientific principles to the field of criminal investigation

Answer 11

discovered the ABO blood groups, later received nobel prize

Answer 12

incorporated Gross’ principles within a workable crime lab; became the founder and director of the Institute of Criminalistics at the University of Lyons, France.

Answer 13

published questioned documents. developed the fundamental principles of document examination

Answer 14

developed a method for determining blood type from dried blood

Answer 15

established the First Crime Lab in United States, located in Los Angeles

Answer 16

developed a comparison microscope; first used to compare bullets to see if fired from the same weapon.

Answer 17

legislative acts declaring, commanding, or prohibiting something. They have been enactedby a governmental body or agency (such as Congress) and are based on the Constitution

Answer 18

laws made up of judicial opinions and precedents set in appellate courts.

Answer 19

often referred to as private law; deals with relationships between individuals involving matters such as property, contracts, marriage/divorce, wills, negligence, and other civil concerns. Violations of civil law are usually punishable by fines or transfer of property.

Answer 20

often referred to as public law; deals with regulation and enforcement of rights. offenses against an individual are usually offensive to society; the state becomes the plaintiff in court. (ex. Miranda vs. Arizona)

Answer 21

minor crime such as theft, minor assault and battery, or possession of small amount of illegal drugs

Answer 22

major crime such as murder, rape, armed robbery, serious assaults, dealing of illegal drugs, fraud, auto theft, or forger

Answer 23

remedial or preventative; includes injunctions and restraining orders

Answer 24

laws established by agencies such as the IRS, Social Security Administration, or branches of the military

Answer 25

reedom of Religion, Speech, and Press, the Right to Assemble Peaceably and to Petition the Government “for a redress of grievances.”

Answer 26

right to Keep and Bear Arms- “A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.”

Answer 27

quartering of Troops- “No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.”

Answer 28

search and seizure- “The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.“

Answer 29

grand Jury, Double Jeopardy, Self-Incrimination, Due Process

Answer 30

criminal Prosecutions – Right to  a speedy public trial by an impartial jury, to confront witnesses and to counsel for defense

Answer 31

common Law Suits –Right to a Trial by Jury

Answer 32

non-Enumerated Rights or “Rule of Construction of the Constitution”-  “The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.”

Answer 33

states’ Rights- Rights not explicitly delegated to the Federal Government in the Constitution are reserved to the States or to the People.

Answer 34

means, motive and opportunity

Answer 35

he ability of the defendant to commit the crime

Answer 36

the reason the defendant committed the crime

Answer 37

whether the defendant had the chance to commit the crime

Answer 38

after arrest, suspect is booked, fingerprinted, photographed, and informed of miranda rights

Answer 39

charges and enter a plea

Answer 40

admitting to the judge that one has committed acts which violate a law

Answer 41

one believes he or she has not violated the law

Answer 42

meaning that at the time of the crime, the defendant was ‘unable to appreciate the nature and quality or the wrongfulness of the acts

Answer 43

if he or she has already been tried for the same crime in the same court

Answer 44

neither admits or denies the crime, but accepts punishment as though he/she were guilty

Answer 45

a hearing before a judge to determine whether a person charged with a crime should be held for trial.

Answer 46

a group of people that are selected and sworn in by a court, just like jurors that are chosen to serve on a trial jury. A prosecutor will work with a grand jury to decide whether to bring charges, or an indictment, against a potential defendant

Answer 47

formally accuse a person of a crime

Answer 48

an agreement in which a defendant pleads guilty to a lesser charge and the prosecutor in return drops more serious charges to avoid the cost and time of trial.