Intro to Eukaryotic Genetics

Question 1

telomeres

Answer 1

• prevents unnecessary recombination and shortens over replications

Question 2

reductional vs. equational division

Answer 2

• meiosis 1: reductional (diploid to haploid)
• meiosis 2: equational (2 haploids -> 4 gametes)

Question 3

independent assortment

Answer 3

• different gametes can be generated
• 2^n possible combinations (n = haploid chromosome number)

Question 4

crossing over

Answer 4

• homologous chromosome pairs exchange parts of their DNA sequence

Question 5

mitosis

Answer 5

• PROPHASE: chromosomes condense, mitotic spindles form
• METAPHASE: line up at cell equator
• ANAPHASE: sister chromosomes separate
• TELOPHASE: decondense
• cytokinesis

Question 6

meiosis

Answer 6

• PROPHASE I: homologous chromosomes pair up, crossing over occurs
• division commences like mitosis with homologous chromosomes
• 2 haploid cells formed
• division commences again
• 4 haploid gametes formed

Question 7

Mendel’s law of segregation

Answer 7

• 1 gamete inherits only one of 2 alleles for a gene with equal probability

Question 8

Mendel’s law of independent assortment

Answer 8

• alleles are distributed independently of one another